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­»´ä¸g¾ú¹L¤@³s¦êªº½ÄÀ», ¤×¨ä¬O¤G¹s¹s¤T¦~ªº¡u¨F¤h¡v¨Æ¥ó¤§«á, ­»´ä¤H¹ï¹L¥hªº¤å¤Æ»ù­ÈÆ[§@¤F¤Ï«ä; ¤£¤Ö¹ï©ó¥H«eÁa±¡Án¦â¤§¼Ö¤w¸g¤£ªí»{¦Pªº¤H, ±q¦Ó¤Ï¿\Âk¯u, §ë¤J¤j¦ÛµMªºÃh©ê¤¤¡C

´Þ¥Á®É¥Nªº­»´ä, °ò©ó°Ó·~»ù­Èªº»¤¦], ¦è¤è°Ó¤H¤£±¤ª÷¿úÃÙ§U¤£¤Ö´Óª«¾ÇªÌ¤£»·¤d¨½¦Ó¨Ó·j¶°¥Î©ó»sÃÄ¡B´£¨ú­»®Æµ¥ª«¸êªº´Óª«, ¥L­Ìªº±´¯Á¹Lµ{¤¤µo²{¤F¤j¶qªº­»´ä´Óª«ª«ºØªº¬ì¾Ç·s¬ö¿ý¡C¦ý¬O¹ï©ó°Êª«¤è­±, ¥Ñ©ó¨ä°Ó·~»ù­È¤£°ª¦Ó³Q©¿²¤, °£¤F¨Ó¦Û³Õª«À]ªº¾ÇªÌ¥H¥~, ¬Û«H¨S¦³¤Ó¦h¤H¹ï¤§²`·P¿³½ì¡C½ñ¤J¤dÁH¦~«á, ¤£¤Ö¤¤¥~¦ÛµM¾ÇªÌ·NÃѨ쭻´ä¥Íª«¦h¼Ë©Êªº­«­n§@¥Î, ¬ã¨s¤è°w¤w¸g¤£¦A¬°°Ó·~ªA°È¦Ó¬O¾Ç³N¤Wªºµo²{, ¥L­Ìªº§V¤Oµo²{¤F¤j¶qªº­»´äªº·sª«ºØ, °Êª«ª«ºØ¤×ı¥iÆ[¡C

©Ò¿×«°¥«µo®i, ¥²¶·­n¹ï¦³ªº³]¸m¶i¦æ±À³¯¥X·s, ¦P®É¤]­n¶}©Ý·sªÅ¶¡¥HÀ³¥I¤é¯q¼W¥[ªº»Ý¨D; ¦b©x¥ÁÃö«Yºò±iªº¤µ¤Ñ, °Ê»³¦]²M©î¥j«ؿvª«¦¹¦Óµo¥Í±j¯Pªº½Ä¬ð, ³oºØ¥Á¤ß«ä¬Gªº±¡ºü¬Oµ´¹ï¥i¥H²z¸Ñªº, ³o¼Ë¶}ÅP·sªÅ¶¡ªº¥i¦æ©Ê¤S¦p¦ó©O¡H

·sª«ºØªºµo²{¦aÂI©Ò³Bªº³¥¥~, ¦h¬O¥Á©~ªºÃ䶫¦a±a, ³o¨Ç¾FªñÁcÄÛªº¦a°ì·íµM¤]¬Oµo®i°Ó¤Hªº²z·Qª«·~ªº¿ïÂI§}, ¦P®É¥ç¦³¤H·NÃѨì: ª«ºØ¥²µM¦]·í¦aªº³Qµo®i¦Ó¨«¦V·Àµ´, Àô«O¤H¤h­Ì¤jÁn¯e©I¤Ï¹ïµo®i, ¦Ó¸m¨­¨ä¤¤ªº¬F©²¨ä¨¤¦â¬O¤Q¤À³Q°Êªº, ¦o¤@¤è­±¤£¯à¹H­I«O¨|¥ÍºAªº¨Ï©R; ¥t¤@¤è­±¤S¤£´±¶}¸o©ó¬°¦o±a¨Ó¹dÃBµ|¦¬¤Îí©wºÞªvªº°Ó¸ë¡B¤¤¶¡¿Ñ§QªÌ©M¾Ú¦aªº¶m²Ôµ¥¦³¶Õ¤O¤§¤h¡C¬°¤F²¿®§Àô«O¤H¤hªºÁn­µ, ©x¾§¦ê³q¬°°Ó¤H¶}±Ò¡u¤è«K¤§ªù¡vªº±¡ªp¦ü¥G«Ü´¶¹M, ¦ý¤@¯ë¦b·t¦a¤¤¶i¦æ¦Ó«ÜÃø³Q¤Hµo²{, ¦ý©Ò¿×¡u¤Ñºô«ì«ì, ²¨¦Ó¤£º|¡v; §Ú­Ì¥i¥H³z¹L­»´ä°«³½ªº¨Æ¥ó¬Ý¨ì©x°Ó¤§¶¡¤@ÂIÂI«Ü¤£´M±`ªº¦æ¬°, ¨ä¥Øªº±Ð¤H²`«ä¼ô¼{!


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¾Ú³ø­»´ä¤j¾Ç¥ÍºA¾Ç¤Î¥Íª«¦h¼Ë©Ê¾Ç¨t¤À§O©ó¤@¤E¤E¤»¦~¡B¤@¤E¤E¤E¦~¤Î¤G¹s¹s¹s¦~µo²{­»´ä¦³¤@ºØ¶Â¦âªº°«³½¤À¥¬ªº·s¬ö¿ý, ·í®É³QŲ©w¬°¤À¥¬©ó¶V«nªº¶Â§Á§À°«³½( Macropodus concolor ), ¦ý¬O±q¤£¦P¤åÄm´y­z, ²£©ó¶V«nªº¶Â§Á§À°«³½¤S¥H Macropodus spechti §@¬°ºØ¦W, ³o¬O¬°¬Æ»ò©O?

1936¦~¼w°ê³½Ãþ¾ÇªÌ Schreitmüller µoªí¤F¤@­Ó°«¤e§À°«³½(Macropodus opercularis)·sÅܺØ, ¨Ã¥H³Ì¥ýÀò±o¦¹³½ªº¤ô±Ú±M®a M. Spedchti ªº©m¤ó©R¦W¬° Macropodus opercularis var. spechti, ²Ý¦~(1937¦~)³½Ãþ¾ÇªÌAhl ¤Sµoªí¤F¤@·s¨ÈºØ, §Y Macropodus opercularis s.sp. concolor, 1983¦~¾ÇªÌ Vierke ±N¤§®Ê¬°ºØ¦W, §Y Macropodus concolor, ¦Û¦¹¥H«á³o­Ó¾Ç¦W«K¼s¬°¬y¶Ç, ¥H¦Ü¬°­»´ä¤j¾Çªº¾ÇªÌ©Ò»~¥Î¡CÃö©ó¾Ç¦W²V²c¦Ó¿ï¥Î spechti ©Î¬O concolor §@ºØ¦Wµ¥¤@³s¦ê°ÝÃD,´¿¦b°ê»Ú°Êª«©R¦W³W¬ù©e­û·|(International Code of Zoological Nomenclature)·|¤Wµo¥Íª§ÅG, ³Ì«á¥H©R¦WªºÀu¥ý©Ê±Ä¥Î¤Fspechti §@ºØ¦W, ¦Û¦¹¶}©l,  'Macropodus concolor' ¤v¤£´_¥Í®Ä¡C

¤G¹s¹s¤G¦~¼w°ê³½Ãþ¾ÇªÌ Jörg Freyhof (¥ª¹Ï) ¤Î Fabian Heder ®Ú¾Ú¬ã¨s±Ä¦Û­»´ä¤j®H¨Fù¬}ªº¶Â°«³½¼Ð¥», »{¬°»P²£©ó¶V«nªº¶Â§Á§À°«³½¤£¦P, ¥L­Ì¦b¡m²H¤ô°ì³½Ãþ±´¯Á¾Ç³ø ( Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters )¡nµoªí¤@½g¦W¬°¡m¦^ÅU²£©ó¶V«nªº°«³½Äݳ½Ãþ, ¨Ã´y­z¨â­Ó¨Ó¦Û¶V«n¤ÎµØ«nªº·sª«ºØ¡n¤¤´y­z¬°·sºØ, ¨Ã«a¦W¬°­»´ä°«³½ (Macropodus hongkongensis)¡C¦Ü¤µ¬°¤î, ­»´ä¤wª¾ªº³¥¥Í°«³½ÄÝ(Macropodus)¦@¨âºØ¡C


­»´ä°«³½ Macropodus hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002

(I) ¥Íª«¾Ç¤ÀÃþ¦ì¸m

¡´ µw°©³½ºõ Class: Osteichthyes
       ¡´ ¥þ°©³½¤Uºõ Intraclass: Teleostei
                ¡´ °©ÅÀÁ`¥Ø Superorder: Ostariophysi
                        ¡´ Æt§Î¥Ø Order: Perciformes
                                 ¡´ ÃkÆt¨È¥Ø Suborder: Anabantoidei
                                           ¡´ °«³½¬ì Family: Belontiidae (Polyacanthidae, Osphronemidae)
                                                       ¡´ °«³½ÄÝ Genus: Macropodus
                                                                 ¡´ ­»´ä°«³½ Macropodus hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002
                                                                             ¡´ ¶Â§Á§À°«³½ Macropodus concolor auct. non Ahl, 1937: Dudgeon et Chan 1996 (»~»{
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¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥» :  ¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥» ZMB 33221, 1 ex, Åéªø: 47.4²@¦Ì, ¦¬¶°ªÌ: B.P.Chan ©M Töpfer, 2000¦~8¤ë, ¤¤°ê­»´ä¡B¤j®H¡B¨Fù¬}
                     
¹ï¼Ò¼Ð¥» ZMB 33222~33223, 4 ex., Åéªø: 43.5~59.6²@¦Ì, ¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ¦p¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»¡C
                      ¥¿¼Ò¤Î¹ï¼Ò¼Ð¥»²{Âéó¼w°ê¬fªL¬x³ù¤j¾Ç¦ÛµM³Õª«À] (Museum für Naturkunde de Humboldt-Universität, Berlin)

©µ³®°Êª«§Ó¾ÌÃҼХ»: ¬¡Åé(¨£¤W¹Ï), Åéªø: 45²@¦Ì, 2007¦~2¤ë25¤é±Ä©ó¦è°^²`¯F¡C¹}¾i©ó³]¸m¸û§¹³Æªº¤ô±Ú½c¤º, µo¨|¨}¦n, ¦ý©ó2009¦~8¤ë12¤é¦­¤W9®É³\¦]¬¡°Ê¾÷¯à°I°h¦º¤`¡C³½Åé¥H®û»s¼Ð¥»§Î¦¡«O¦s, À]Âýs¸¹: NGI-089¡C(½sªÌ¸É­z)


(II) ¥Íª«¾Ç¯S¼x¤Î¦ÛµM¤À¥¬


 
ùþ­»´ä°«³½ªºÅ鸡(¥ª)¤ÎÅé­I(¥k)

Åéªø¥­§¡ 50²@¦Ì, Åé°¼«ó¯¶; Åé§e¯¼½x§Î, Åé¦â¦ÇÂŦâ, ³QÀͪ¬ÅìÅé, Åì¥~½t¦³²H¦Ç¶Â¦â²µ½u, Åé°¼¦³¦h©ó¬ù15±ø¦Ç¶Â¦â¾î±a, ¨ä¤¤¦³¨Ç¬OÂ_Äò©Ê¤À¥¬¡C¨C°¼¦³»ó¤Õ¨â­Ó; «e»ó¤Õ¦ì©ó§kºÝ, ¥B¦³µu¤pªººÞª¬µ²ºc, «á»ó¤Õ¦ì©ó²´«e¤è, ¤fµy±×µõ, ÄίҲӤp¡C­IÅ_°ò³¡µu, ¦V«á³vº¥©µªø, ÁvÅ_»P­IÅ_¦P§Î, ¦ýªñ³Ì¥¼ºÝªº¼Æ±øÅ_±ø©úÅ㩵ªø¦¨¦y§Î; ¯ÝÅ_¸ûªø, ¶¯³½ªº¯ÝÅ_¥¼ºÝ©µªø§eµ·ª¬; §ÀÅ_¤À¤e, ¤W¡B¤UÅ_¸­¹ïºÙ; ¶¯³½ªº¥~Å_±ø©µªø¦¨µ·ª¬¡C¥»ºØ¦UÅ_¤W¦³«Ü¦h¦Ç¶Â¦â´³ÂI, Å_³¡ªñ¥¼ºÝªºÅ_±ø³¡¤À§e²H¬õ¦â¡C¾Ú¤åÄm¸ü: ¥»ºØªºÁc´Þ¤è¦¡»P±`¨£©óµØ«n¦a°Ïªº¤e§À°«³½ (Macropodus opercularis) «Ü¬Û¦ü¡CÄÝ©ó¼ö±a©Î¨È¼ö±a³½Ãþ, ³ß´Ï®§©óÀR¤îªºªe·¾¡B¦À¶í©Î¥Ð·Ë¤¤, ¥H¯B´å¥Íª«¡B©øÂΩΨ䥮Âά°­¹; ¦³®É¤]®·­¹¨ä¥L¤p«¬³½Ãþ, ©Ê±¡¾÷ĵ¥B¤¿¬½, °£¤F®·Ây¥~, ¦PÃþ¬Û¹J©Î¿m¼Ä®É·|±NÄλ\±i¶}, ¥Hªø©ó»\¤WµµÂŦâ¥ú¿A´³¶ô«ÂÀ~¼Ä¤è¡C


 
ùþ¤¿²rªº­»´ä°«³½Å§À»¥¿¦b´åªñªº²§鱲( Parazacco spilurus )

ª½¦Ü¥Ø«e¬°¤î, ¶È­»´ä¦³¥i¾a¬ö¿ý, ¤À¥¬©ó·s¬ÉªF³¡ªº¤K¥PÀ­°Ï°ìªº³ÀÀV¡B«n¯F¡BÅbÃÁ; ²îÆW°Ï°ìªº¯QµëÄË¡B¤TÙ²µ¥; ¦è°^°Ï°ìªº²`¯F¡BᣤW¤Î¥_¼æµ¥¦a°Ï; ¨ä¥LÁÙ¦b¤j®HÞ]¤Î«°ªù¤ô¶í¾Fªñ¦a°Ï¡C¦Ü©ó¦³³ø¾Éµo²{©ó¤¤°ê¤º¦aªº¬Û¦üºØ, «Ü¥i¯à¬O¥D­n¤À¥¬©ó¶V«nªº Macropodus spechti ©Î·s«~ºØ Macropodus erythropterus, ·íµMµ´¤£¯à©Ù·Ù°ê¤º¦³­»´ä°«³½¤À¥¬ªº¥i¯à©Ê¡C


(III) ¦PÄݪ«ºØ¤ÎÀ˯Áªí

®Ú¾Ú¤åÄm©Ò¸ü, ¤¤°ê¤Î¶V«n¦a°Ï¤wª¾ªº°«³½ÄÝ«~ºØ¦@¦³¥|ºØ:
                     
¤e§À°«³½(¤¤°ê°«³½¡B¤Ñ°ó³½¡B­ðª÷¥Ö) Macropodus opercularis (L.), 1758 - ¼s¥¬©óµØ«n(¥]¬A­»´ä)¡B¥xÆW¡B¶V«n;
                     
¶ê§À°«³½(¤¤°ê°«³½) Macropodus ocellatus Cantor, 1842 - ¤À¥¬©óµØ¥_(¤W®ü¤Îªø¦¿¥H¥_¬Ù°Ï);
                     
¶V«n°«³½(¥v¤ó°«³½¡B¶V¶Â§Á§À°«³½) Macropodus spechti Schreitmüller, 1936  - ¤À¥¬©ó¶V«n(¹Ò¥~¼È¥¼¦³¥i¾a¬ö¿ý);
                      ­»´ä°«³½(¶Â§Á§À°«³½) Macropodus hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002 - ¤À¥¬©ó­»´äªF³¡(¹Ò¥~¼È¥¼¦³¥i¾a¬ö¿ý)
;
                      ¬õÅ_°«³½ Macropodus erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002   - ¤À¥¬©ó¶V«n(¹Ò¥~¼È¥¼¦³¥i¾a¬ö¿ý); ¤¤¤å¦WºÙ¤D¥»±MÃD½sªÌ©ÒÀÀ
¡C



 
ùþ ¶ê§À°«³½ Macropodus ocellatus Cantor, 1842,  ¬¡Åé®É©çÄá

1. §ÀÅ_¶ê¶w,¦³¤@¾î±a¥ÑÁa³e²´³¡ª½¦ÜÄλ\¤Wªº´³¶ô«e; ­IÅ_¨ã¦³16~19®ÚÅ_´Æ, ²Ä¤@ÄΤ}¤Wªº¨¤Ä੤W¦³6-13­ÓÄίÒ
                      ..................................................
¶ê§À°«³½ Macropodus ocellatus Cantor, 1842 (¨£¤W¹Ï)



 
ùþ ¤e§À°«³½ Macropodus opercularis (L.), 1758, (À]Âýs¸¹: NGI-82, 03 III NSC17, ®û»s¼Ð¥»)

2. §ÀÅ_¤eª¬, ¦³¤@¾î±a¥ÑÁa³e²´³¡ª½¦Ü©Î¾aªñÄλ\¤Wªº´³¶ô«e;  ­IÅ_¨ã¦³11~15®ÚÅ_´Æ,  ²Ä¤@ÄΤ}¤Wªº¨¤Ä੤W¦³12-21­ÓÄίÒ
    
2a.  ÅéÅ즳®É§e²{¥Ñ¬õ½Å¦Ü«GÂŦâ, ¦³ 7 ~ 9 ±ø¬õ¦â´³±ø (¥ç¦³¤H»{¬°¥H¬õ¦â¬°°ò¥»¦â, ¨ä¤W¦³ 7 ~ 11±øÂŦⴳ±ø)
.................................................. ¤e§À°«³½ Macropodus opercularis (L.), 1758 (¨£¤W¹Ï)



 
ùþ ­»´ä°«³½ Macropodus hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002,  ¬¡Åé®É©çÄá,

3. ÅéÅì§e²{¥Ñ¬õ½Å¦Ü¦Ç¶Â¦â, Åé°¼¦³¦h©ó¬ù15±ø¦Ç¶Â¦â¾î±a, ¨ä¤¤¦³¨Ç¬OÂ_Äò©Ê¤À¥¬¡C¯ÝÅ_(À³¸Ó¬O¸¡Å_?)¥¼ºÝ²Ä¤@³nÅ_±ø§e²{¥Õ¦â(®Ö¹ï¹L«Ü¦h­»´ä°«³½¼Ë¥»Åã¥Ü:¤£¤Ö­ÓÅ骺¸¡Å_²Ä¤@³n°©§e²{¬õ¦â, ©M M.Opercularis ¤Î M. spechti ¬Û¦ü, ¦Ó¥B§ÀÅ_ªº¬õ¦â¤ñ¤W­z¨âºØ§óÂAÆA ), ÀY³¡¦³´³ÂI; «e­I³¡¦³ 2 ~ 5±ø¯U¯¶ªº°¨¾b§Î´³±ø, ¥DÄλ\°©¤Wªº´³ÂIÂÅ¦â  .................................................. ­»´ä°«³½ Macropodus hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002



 
ùþ ¶V«n°«³½ Macropodus spechti Schreitmüller, 1936, ¬¡Åé¼Ð¥»

4.  ­IÅ_¤Î§ÀÅ_Å_½¤¤W¦³´³ÂI©Î´³±ø, ³½Åé¾ãÅé§e·t½Å¦Ü¶Â¦â, §ÀÅ_Å_±ø¥¼ºÝ¤£§e²{¬õ¦â; ¯ÝÅ_¥¼ºÝ²Ä¤@³nÅ_±ø§e²{¬õ¦â(À³¸Ó¬O¸¡Å_?),  ÀY³»³¡¨S¦³´³ÂI; «e­I³¡¨S¦³°¨¾b§Î´³±ø, ¥DÄλ\°©¤Wªº´³ÂI§e»a¥Õ¦â¬Æ¦Ü¯Ê¦p
                       ..................................................
¶V«n°«³½ Macropodus spechti Schreitmüller, 1936 (¨£¤W¹Ï)



 
ùþ ¬õÅ_°«³½ Macropodus erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002, ¬¡Åé®É©çÄá,

5.  ©_Å_Å_½¤¤W¦³¬õ¦âªº´³ÂI©Î´³±ø, ³½Åé§e·t½Å¦Ü¶Â¦â, ­I³¡«e³¡§e·t¬õ¦â, ÁvÅ_°ò³¡¥H¤WªºÅéÅì§e­i±m¦¡Âźñ¦â, §ÀÅ_Å_±ø¥¼ºÝ§e¬õ¦â
                      ..................................................
¬õÅ_°«³½ Macropodus erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002

¶V«n°«³½(M. spechti)©M¬õÅ_°«³½(M. erythropterus)µL½×¦bµ²ºc©M²£¦a¤W«D±`±µªñ, ¬G³QºÃ¬O§_¬°¦PºØªº¤£¦P«¬ºA, ¦ý¨´¤µ¥¼¥¬©w½×¡C

®Ú¾Ú Jörg Freyhof ¦b¡m¦^ÅU²£©ó¶V«nªº°«³½Äݳ½Ãþ, ¨Ã´y­z¨â­Ó¨Ó¦Û¶V«n¤ÎµØ«nªº·sª«ºØ¡n¤¤«ü¥X­»´ä°«³½»P¨ä¥L¦PÄݪ«ºØ¦b¦@¦³¯S¼x¤¤©Ò¨ã³Æ¤£¦P¤§³B¦b©ó: §ÀÅ_¤eª¬, ¥DÄλ\°©¤W¦³©úÅ㪺·t½Å¦â(¬¡Åé§eÂźñ¦â, ½sªÌÃÑ); ¯ÝÅ_¥¼ºÝ²Ä¤@³nÅ_±ø§e²{¥Õ¦â, Åé°¼Åì¥~½tªºÃC¦â©úÅã¤ñ¨ä¥L³¡¤ÀªºÅì¤ù¸û²`, ¦ý¤ñÀY³¡¤Î«e­I³¡ªºÅì¤ù¦â¿A¸û²L; ÀY³»³¡¦³²`¦â´³ÂI; «e­I³¡¦³ 2 ~ 5±ø¯U¯¶ªº°¨¾b§Î´³±ø; ¬õ¦âªº­IÅ_¤Î§ÀÅ_Å_½¤¤W¦³´³¶ô¤Î´³±ø¡C


 
ùþ¤e§À°«³½(¥ª)©M³½Åéªxª÷¶À¦âªº­»´ä°«³½(¥k)¨Ï¤H¹ï¨e­Ì©¼¦¹¤§¶¡ªºª«ºØÄÝ©Ê¥Rº¡ºÃ´b

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[1]  Freyhof, J. & Herder, F. (2002). Review the paradise fishes of the genus Macropodus in Vietnam, with a description of two new species from Vietnam and southern China ( Perciformes: Osphronemidae ). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 13: 147-167.
[2]  David Dudgeon (10 / 2002),  An endemic enigma: the secret identity of Hong Kong's black paradise fish,  Pocupine!  No.26,  HKU, P.8-9.
[3]  Jointly published by the Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, University of Hong Kong, and Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden (04/1999),  Pocupine!  No.19,  HKU, P.1, 28-30.
[4]  Jacqueline Weir, Gloria Chau and Sukh Mantel (12/2002), "In the News"- Hong Kong News,  Pocupine!  No.27,  HKU, P.26-27.
[5]  Lee (01 / 2003), Freshwater Fish of Conservation Value, in Chinese, Hong Kong Biodiversity, Issue No.4, AFCD. P.7 - 9.
[6]  ²`¯F¹A¦a«Dªk§ï¸Ë°ª²y³õ,¡mÄ«ªG¤é³ø¡n¤G¹s¹s¤C¦~¤@¤ë¤­¤é.
[7] §õÄRªâµ¥(07 / 2004) ¡m­»´ä²H¤ô³½Ãþ¹ÏŲ= Field Guide to the Freshwater Fish of Hong Kong¡n, º®¹A¦ÛµMÅ@²z¸p
[8] David Dudgeon et al.( 1994 ) Hills and Streams -An Ecology of Hong Kong, HKU Press.
[9] ¤¤°ê¤ô²£¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s°|¯]¦¿¤ô²£¬ã¨s©Òµ¥, ¡m¼sªF²H¤ô³½Ãþ»x¡n, ¼sªF¬ì§Þ¥Xª©ªÀ, 02/1991.



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