|
¡@



¿Ä¦X¿W¯Sªº¬ü³N³]p«äºû, Åý·¥¨ã¥Nªí©Êªº¥_§ë¥Û»P¬Ãµ}ªº¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º©óµe¥¬¤¤¥æÂ´¦@»R¡C
Integrating artistic
design concepts,
this project beautifully frames Hokutolite alongside
the rare Taiwanese
broad-tailed swallowtail.
独¦Ûの¬ü³Nデザインの²z©Àにより¡B¶Q«な¥_§ë¥Ûとタイワンフタオ
ツバメが¦PじªÅ¶¡でÅTき¦Xうビジュアルをªí²{しています¡C

¥»±MÃD¬O¯S·N³Ð§@ªº, ©úªv¥j¨å¯B¥@ø¡uÀAø¡v·®æ,
¤¤¥¡¥H¼e§À»ñ½º¬°¥DÅé, «á¤è§e²{¥_§ë·Å¬u¶mªº¤é¦¡¤ì³y®ÈÀ]¥Ë¤ù¡Bºë½oµ¡Äç,
¥H¤Î¼ë¼ë¬y°Êªº·Ë¤ôªi¯¾¡C¨â°¼¿Ä¤J¥_§ë¥ÛÄq¥Ûªºµ²´¹½u±ø»P««ª½¤ÉÄ˪º·Å¬u»]¨T, ®i²{¥X¿@§ªº¥xÆW¾ú¥v±¡½Õ¡C
This project was specially created,Rendered in the classical Meiji-era
Ukiyo-e "Nishiki-e" style, the artwork features a Broad-tailed
Swallowtail butterfly as the central subject. In the background are the
roof tiles, intricate window lattices of Japanese-style wooden inns, and
the rippling ripples of a flowing stream in the Beitou hot spring
village. Flanking both sides are the crystalline lines of Hokutolite
minerals and vertically rising hot spring steam, exuding a rich sense of
Taiwanese historical nostalgia.
¥»¯S¶°は¡B当プロジェクトのために¯S§Oに¥ø画・¨î§@いたしました, ©úªv´Áの¥j¨åªºな¯B¥@絵¡uÀA絵(にしきえ)
¡vのスタイル¡C¤¤¥¡にはタイワンカラスアゲハ(寛§À»ñ½º)
を¥DÊ^として°tし¡BI´ºには¥_§ë温¬u郷の©M·¤ì³y®ÈÀ]の¥Ë«Î®Ú¡B繊²Óな®æ¤l窓¡Bそしてさらさらと¬yれる渓¬yのªi¯¾が´yかれている¡C両°¼には¥_§ë¥Û(ほくとうせき)
の鉱ª«µ²´¹のラインと««ª½に¥ßち¤Wる温¬uの´ö·Ïが·»け込み¡B¿@«pな¥x湾の歴¥vªº±¡ºüを醸し¥Xしている¡C

¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v¨e¬O¸¶V¤d¸U¦~¦Bªe·³¤ëªº¡u¤Û¤§½º¡v¡C
¾ÌÂǵ۫á¯Í¼e¤j¬Û³sªº©úÆv³½§Àª¬¬õ´³, °ª¶Æ¦aÀ¹¤W®õ¶®±Ú¤sªL¡u©ªø/ÀY¥Ø(Maraho) ¡vªººaÅA,
¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡v,
¨e¬OÁô°Î©ó¤j¤Ù¤õ¤s¸s¦a¼ö·ÏÃú¤¤ªº·Å¬uºÀÄ_¡C¾ú¸g¤õ¤s»P±j»Ä·Ë¤ô¤d¦Ê¦~ªº²fÁå, ¦]¤@¥]¥¼¨R¬~©³¤ùªº·N¥~Ãn¥ú, ¸Ñ¶}¤FÅ餺ħt·L¶q
©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡uÅJ¡vªº¯«¯¦¨¥@¡C
The "Agehana maraho (Taiwan Broad-tailed
Swallowtail)," the "phantom butterfly" that has
soared through thousands of years of the Ice
Age. With the vivid, fish-tail-shaped red spots
on its broad, interconnected hindwings, it
proudly dons the honor of the Atayal mountain
"chieftain/chief (Maraho)." Hokutolite,
a hot spring treasure hidden amidst the curling
geothermal mists of the Tatun Volcano Group.
After enduring centuries of continuous tempering
by volcanoes and highly acidic creek waters, its
mysterious identity¡Xharboring the trace
radioactive element "Radium"¡Xwas unlocked by the
accidental exposure of a packet of undeveloped
film.
¡uタイワンフタオツバメ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º) ¡vであり¡B
¦ó¤dÉE¦~もの氷ªe´Áを¸び¶Vえてきた¡u¤Ûの½º¡vである¡C
«á¯Íに広がるÂAやかな³½の§Àのような§Îの¨ª´³を携え¡B
タイヤル±Úの¤sªLの¡u©ªø¡þÀY¥Ø(マラホ) ¡vの栄誉を¸ØらしげにÀ¹く¡C¥_§ë¥Û(ホクトライト)
である¡C¤õ¤sと±j»Ä©Êの渓¬yによる数¤d¦~の¸Õ½mを経て°öわれ¡B¥¼²{¹³フィルムが
°¸µM·P¥úしたことによって¡BそのÊ^に·¥·L¶qの©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡u
ラジウム¡vを¯µめた¯«¯µªºな¯À顔が¸Ñき©úかされた¡C
¡@
¡@
¡@
ºÖº¸¼¯¨F¤ÑµM¬ö©Àª«:
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º»P¥_§ë¥Û
Formosan Natural Monuments:
Agehana maraho and
Hokutolite
フォルモサ¤ÑµM°O©Àª«¡Gタイワンフチグロアゲハと¥_§ë¥Û
¡@
¡@
¡@

¡@
§Ç¨¥¡G¯O¦L¦b¤K¨¤«F»Õ¼Óªº°êÄ_¤§Ál
¡@

¡@
®É¥úˬy¦^1989¦~ªº²±®L6¤ë¡C¨º¬OÓ¾ú¥v³Q¥¨®ö±ÀµÛ¦V«eªº°ÊÀú®ÉªÅ, ¥_¨Ê¤Ñ¦wªù¼s³õ¤Î©PÃä°Ï°ìªººjÁn»P§o³Û踨,
¤¤¦@¬FÅvªZ¤OÂíÀ£¥Á¥D¹B°Êªº³±¼vÅ¢¸n¥þ²y¡C©¼®Éªº¿Dªù, ¸U¤HªÅ«Ñ, ¤jµó¤p«Ñ³£ªmÄ˵ÛÁn´©·R°ê¥Á¥D¹B°Êªº¼ö¦å»P´d¼«, ¨C¤@Ó¯u¥¿ªº¿Dªù¤H,
³£³Q±²¤J¤F¤@³õ«e©Ò¥¼¦³ªº·R°ê±¡Ãh¤§¤¤¡C
µM¦Ó, ¦b¨ºÓ¿E©ù«o¤SÅý¤H²¿®§ªº²±®L¤È«á, ¥~ÀY·°_¶³´é, ¿Dªù¤K¨¤«F¾\Äý«Ç¤º«oÅã±o®æ¥~§N²M, ¥¤é¸Ì®yµLµê®uªºÅªªÌ,
¦¹®É³£¨«¤W¤FµóÀY¡C¬°¤F¦b®É¥Nªº³ÙÄÛ¤¤´M§ä¤@µ·¥ÀR, µ§ªÌ¿W¦Û¨«¶i¤F¤K¨¤«F¡C¶¶µÛ¤ì¼Ó±èÃk¤W¨º®yÁô±K¦Ó«ÕÀRªº»Õ¼Ó, ´N¦b¨º¸Ì,
§Ú»P¥xÆWªº¦ÛµM©_Âݦ³¤F²Ä¤@¦¸¾_¾Ù¤ßÆFªºÁÛ°m¡C
¨º®Éªº¤K¨¤«F, ÂîѤ§Â×´I¡B±M·~«×¤§°ª, µ´«D´¶³q¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥i¥H¤ñÀÀ¡C¦b»Õ¼Ó¨º±Æ¨I¨l¨lªº®Ñ¬[¤W,
§Ú°¸µM©â¥X¤F´X¥»·¥¨ä¨u¨£¡B¦L¨êºë¬ü¥B·¥¨ã¾Ç³N¥÷¶qªº16¶}±M·~¤j«¬¹Ï®Ñ(®i¤j¹Ï®Ñ) ¡C¨º¬Oµ§ªÌ²Ä¤@¦¸³z¹L¦p¦¹²M´·¡B§»¤jªºµøÄ±¸üÅé,
¨t²Î©Ê¦a»{ÃѤF¥xÆWªº¬Ãµ}½ºÃþ¡C¤]´N¬O¦b¨ºÓ¤È«á, ¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v»P¡u¯]¥ú»ñ½º¡v³o¨âÓ¦W¦r, ³s¦P¨eÌ®i¯Íªº^«º, ²Ä¤@¦¸¨Ã¦CµÛÅD¤J§Úªº²´Ã®¡C
«á¨Ó, ÁöµMµ§ªÌ¤]¬ãŪ¹Lª¾¦W©øÂξǮa³¯ºû¹Ø¦Ñ®vºë¤ß½sÄ¡¡B¤º®eºë¥©±M·~ªº¤p¥»¸Ë½ºÃþ±MµÛ, ¦ý¦b§Ú¤ß¤¤, ³ÌµL¥i´À¥Nªº,
¨ÌµM¬O¤K¨¤«F»Õ¼Ó¸Ì¨º´X¥UµøÄ±¾_¾Ù¡B¦ÒÃÒÄYÂÔªº¤j«¬±M·~¹Ï®Ñ¡C
¨º¬O¾ú¥v¡BªÅ¶¡»P¦ÛµM¬ü¾Ç¥æÂ´ªº©_§®ÅéÅç¡C¦b¨º¨Çªx¶À«o«p¹êªº®Ñ¶¤¤, §Ú³Q²`¨è§l¤Þ¡C¤×¨ä¬O³QÅA¬°¡u¥xÆW°êÄ_½º¡vªº¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡C±q¬ì¾Çªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý,
¨eªº¨Âß»P¯Í»H¶È¥Ñ¬õ¡B¥Õ¡B¶Â¤TºØ¯Âºéªº¦â±m²Õ¦¨, ¨S¦³µ·²@Âø½è¡F¦ý´N¦b³o·¥Â²ªº¦â½Õ¤¤, ¨e¨º¿W¤@µL¤G¡B¥ÑÂù±ø¯Í¯ß³e¬ïªº¼e¤j§À¬ð,
«o´²µo¥X¤@ºØµL»PÛ¤ñªº§»¤j®ð¾z¡C¨º¬O¤@ºØ»P¥ÍѨӪº¹l®eµØ¶Q, ¦b°ª¤sªº°gÃú´ËªL¤¤¶ÆµM¾®µø¡C
¦Û1989¦~ªº²±®L°_, «K¸ó¶V¤F®ü®l»P·³¤ë, »P¨ºÓ¿EÀúªº®É¥N°O¾Ð¿Ä¬°¤@Åé, ¥Ã»·¯O¦L¦bµ§ªÌªº¤ß¤¤¡C¥»±MÃD±N±a»âŪªÌ¸ó¶V®ÉªÅ,
«·Å³o¬q¥Ñ¾ú¥v»Õ¼Ó¥Xµoªº¦ÛµM±´¯Á¡C§Ú̱N¬ï¹L¤å¦rªº°gÃú, ¦A¦¸¾®µø³o°¦ÅýµL¼Æ¤å¥v»P¥ÍºA¾ÇªÌ¬°¤§¶É˪º¹Ú¤Û¤§½º, ¥h·P¨ü¨º¥÷¾ú¤[À±·s¡B¥Ã¤£¿Æ¦âªº°ª¶QÆF»î¡C
Preface: The Wings of
the National Treasure Imprinted in the Attic of the Octagonal Pavilion
Let us turn back the wheel of time to the midsummer
of June 1989. It was a turbulent era, pushed forward by the colossal waves of
history. The gunfire and cries from Beijing's Tiananmen Square and its
surroundings had just subsided, and the shadow of the Chinese Communist regime¡¦s
violent suppression of the democratic movement loomed over the world. At that
time in Macau, the streets were emptied as people poured out; every avenue and
alley bustled with the passionate blood and grief of supporting the patriotic
democratic movement. Every true Macanese was swept up in an unprecedented surge
of patriotism.
Yet, on that stirring but suffocating midsummer afternoon, while the storms
raged outside, the interior of the Macau Octagonal Pavilion Reading Room
appeared exceptionally desolate. The readers who usually filled every seat had
now taken to the streets. Seeking a sliver of tranquility amidst the clamor of
the times, I walked into the Octagonal Pavilion alone. Climbing the wooden
staircase to that secluded, serene attic, it was there that I had my first
soul-stirring encounter with the natural wonders of Taiwan.
The Octagonal Pavilion back then possessed a richness and professionalism in its
collection that no ordinary library could match. On that heavy row of
bookshelves in the attic, I happened to pull out a few extremely rare,
beautifully printed, and highly scholarly 16-mo (quarto-sized) large specialized
volumes (oversized books). That was the first time I systematically discovered
Taiwan¡¦s rare butterfly species through such a clear and grand visual medium. It
was on that very afternoon that the names "Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail" (Agehana
maraho) and "Magellan Birdwing" (Troides magellanus), along with the majestic
stance of their outspread wings, leaped into my sight side by side for the first
time.
Later on, although I also studied the exquisite and professional pocket-sized
butterfly monographs meticulously compiled by the renowned entomologist
Professor Chen Wei-shou, the most irreplaceable treasures in my heart remained
those few visually stunning, rigorously researched large specialized volumes in
the attic of the Octagonal Pavilion.
It was a wondrous experience where history, space, and natural aesthetics
intertwined. Within those yellowed yet thick pages, I was deeply
captivated¡Xespecially by the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail, revered as the
"National Treasure Butterfly of Taiwan." From a scientific perspective, its body
and wings consist solely of three pure colors¡Xred, white, and black¡Xwithout a
single trace of impurity. Yet, within this minimalist palette, its unique, wide
tail projection, traversed by two wing veins, exudes an unparalleled and
magnificent grandeur. It is an innate elegance and luxury, gazing proudly from
within the misty forests of the high mountains.
Since the midsummer of 1989, this memory has crossed the strait and the years,
merging with the turbulent memories of that era to be forever imprinted upon my
heart. This feature feature will lead readers across time and space to relive
this journey of natural exploration that began in a historical attic. Moving
through the mist of words, we shall gaze once more upon this dreamlike butterfly
that has captivated countless cultural historians and ecologists, experiencing
that noble soul which remains fresh through time and never fades.
¡@
§Ç¤å¡G¤K¨¤«Fの«Î®Úùس¡«Îに¨èまれた国宝のÁl
®Éは1989¦~の²±®L¡B6¤ëへと遡る¡Cそれは歴¥vの¥¨®öに©ãし¬yされる°Ê乱の®ÉªÅであった¡C¥_¨Êの¤Ñ¦wªù広³õとその©P辺にÅTいたà¶声と¥sび声が¤îんだばかりで¡B¤¤国¦@産ÐÞ¬F権による¥Á¥D¤Æ¹B°ÊのªZ¤OÂí圧という³±が¥@¬ÉをÂÐっていた¡C当®Éのマカオは¡Bµó¤¤から¤Hが®øえ¥hるほどの¤j騒ぎであり¡B¤j³qりも¸ô¦aùØも¡B·R国¥Á¥D¤Æ¹B°Êを¤ä´©する¼ö¦åと´d¼«にªmき¥ßっていた¡C¥»ª«のマカオ¤Hであれば½Öしもが¡Bかつてない·R国±¡の´õへと巻き込まれていた¡C
しかし¡Bあの¿E©ùしつつも®§の¸×まるような²±®Lの¤È«á¡B¥~では·¶³が«æを§iげていたのとは対·Óªºに¡Bマカオの¤K¨¤«F図®Ñ«Ç(閲覧«Ç)
の内³¡は®æ§Oにうらぶれていた¡C´¶¬qは満®uになる読ªÌたちも¡Bこの®ÉはみなµóÀYへとò²り¥Xしていた¡C®É¥Nの³Ù騒の¤¤に¤@µ¬の静±Iを¨Dめ¡B¨pは¤@¤Hで¤K¨¤«Fへと¨¬を½ñみ¤Jれた¡C¤ì»sの¶¥¬qを¤Wり¡Bあの隠±Kで静ÁÄな«Î®Úùس¡«Îへと¦Vかった¡Cまさにその³õ©Òで¡B¨pは¥x湾の¦ÛµMの©_¸ñと¡B»îを揺さぶられるような³ÌªìのÁÛ°mをªGたしたのである¡C
当®Éの¤K¨¤«Fは¡B蔵®ÑのàT´Iさと専ªù©Êの°ªさにおいて¡B´¶³qの図®ÑÀ]の¤ñではなかった¡C«Î®Úùس¡«Îのあのずっしりと«い®Ñ´×から¡B¨pは°¸µM¡B·¥めてµ}¤Öで¦L¨êが¬üしく¡B学³Nªº価値も«D±`に°ªい16¶}(B5§P¤j)
の専ªù¤j«¬®ÑÄy(®i¤j図®Ñ)
を数¥U抜き¥Xした¡Cそれこそが¡Bµ§ªÌがこれほどÂA©úで壮¤jなµø覚ªº´CÊ^を³qじて¡B¥x湾の¬Ãµ}な½ºÃþをÊ^¨tªºにª¾る³Ìªìの¾÷会であった¡Cまさにあの¤È«á¡B¡uタイワンオナガアゲハ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º)
¡vと¡uコウトウキシタアゲハ(¯]¥ú»ñ½º) ¡vという¤Gつの¦Wが¡Bその¯Íを広げた^«ºとともに¡Bªìめて¨Ãんで¨pの¥Øに¸び込んできたのである¡C
その«á¡Bµ§ªÌはµÛ¦Wな©ø¦ä学ªÌである³¯ºû¹Ø¥ý¥Íが¤¦©Àに½sÄ¡された¡Bºë¥©で専ªùªºな¤p¥U¤lの½ºÃþ専ªù®Ñも¼ö¤ßに読み込んだが¡B¨pの¤¤で³Ìもかけがえのないものは¡Bやはり¤K¨¤«Fの«Î®Úùس¡«Îにあった¡Bあのµø覚ªº¾_¾Ùと厳®æな¦Òµýに満ちた¤j«¬専ªù®ÑÄyの数々である¡C
それは歴¥v¡BªÅ¶¡¡Bそして¦ÛµM¬ü学が´りなす©_§®なÊ^験であった¡Cそれらの¦â¿Æせながらも«pみのあるページの¤¤で¡B¨pは²`く¾y¤Fされた¡C¯Sに¡u¥x湾の国宝½º¡vと称されるタイワンオナガアゲハである¡C¬ì学ªºなµø点から¨£れば¡Bその¨Ê^と¯Íは¨ª¡B¥Õ¡B黒という¤Tつの¯Â粋な¦â±mのみでºc¦¨され¡B雑¨ýは¤@¤Áない¡Cしかし¡Bこの·¥まで«dぎ¸¨とされた¦â½Õの¤¤で¡B¤G¥»の¯Í¯ßが³eく独¯Sで´T広い§À状¬ð°_は¡B¤ñÃþなき壮¤jな気¾zを©ñっている¡Cそれは¡B°ª¤sのÃú²`い´ËªLの¤¤で¶ÆµMと¦îむ¡B¥Íまれながらの気«~とµØÄRさであった¡C
1989¦~の²±®L¥H来¡Bその°O¾Ðは®ü峡と歳¤ëを¶Vえ¡Bあの¿E°Êの®É¥Nの°O¾Ðと¤@Ê^¤Æし¡Bµ§ªÌの¤ßに¥Ã»·に¨èみ込まれている¡C¥»¯S¶°は¡B読ªÌを®ÉªÅを¶Wえる®Èへと»¤い¡B歴¥vある«Î®Úùس¡«Îから©lまったこの¦ÛµM±´¯Áのy¸ñを°lÊ^験していく¡C¨pたちは¤å¦rのÃúを³qり抜け¡BµL数の¤å¥v学ªÌや¥ÍºA学ªÌを¸¸にしてきたこの¹Ú¤Ûの½ºを¦Aび¾®µøし¡B歳¤ëを経てもなお¦â¿Æせることのない¡Bその°ª¶Qな霊»îを·Pじ¨úることになる¡C
§Ç¨¥¤G¡G
½ºÁl¤Uªº¦å¦â»P±ÏÅ«¡G¤éªv¥xÆWì¦í¥Á¡B¬ì¾Ç¨g¼ö»PÆF»îé¹Üªº´Þ¥Á¤T³¡¦±
¡@
¦b¥xÆW¾ú¥vªº§»¤j±Ô¨Æ¤¤¡A1930¦~¥N¬O¤@¬q¥Rº¡µÛÂA¦å¡B¥Ù¬Þ»PÆF»î¼¹µõªº°ÊÀú·³¤ë¡C·í§Ú̽¶}³o¬q¾ú¥v¡A·|µo²{¤@Ó·¥¨ä¸ÞÃÔªº¥¦æ®ÉªÅ¡G¤@¤è±¡A¤sªL¸Ì¥¿¤WºtµÛ²{¥N¤Æºj¯¥¹ïì©lªZ¤Oªº´Ý»ÅÂíÀ£¡Aì¦í¥Á»P´Þ¥Á¬F©²µ²¤U¤£¦@À¹¤Ñ¤§¤³¡F¥t¤@¤è±¡A¤é¥»¬ì¾Ç®a«o¦b¦P¤@¤ù¤sªL¸Ì¡A¥Î³Ì±R°ªªºì¦í¥Á·qºÙ¡A¬°¤@°¦¹Ú¤Û¤§½º«a¤W¥Ã«íªº¾Ç¦W¡C¦Ó¦b³o¨âªÌ¤§«á¡A§óÁôÂõ۴ޥÁ¬FÅv¹ï³Q²ÎªvªÌÆF»î¹ê¬Iºë·ÇìI³Îªº§N»Å±`³W¡C³o¬q¾ú¥vªº½ÆÂø©Ê¡A¥i¥H±q¥H¤U¤T¶µ®Ö¤ßÆ[ÂI¶i¦æ²`¨èªºåªR¡C
¤@¡B ÅK¦å²z¿»ªº¦å®ü²`¤³¡G±q¤Ó¾|»Õ¾Ôª§¨ìÃúªÀ¨Æ¥ó
¦Û1895¦~¤é¥»»â¥x¥H¨Ó¡A¤sªL¤¤ªº¡u¼Ì¸£¡v»P¡u¤ì§÷¡v«K¦¨¬°´Þ¥Á«Ò°ê«æ±ý±°¹Üªº¶Â¦â»Pºñ¦â¶Àª÷¡C¬°¤F¹ý©³±±¨î³o¤ù°]´I¡A¤é¥»´Þ¥Á¬F©²¹ï½L¾Ú²`¤s¡B®Â½Ã¶Ç²ÎÂy³õ»P¡u¥X¯ó¡v¤å¤Æªº®õ¶®±Ú¡BÁɼw§J±Úµ¥ì¦í¥Á±Ú¡A®i¶}¤Fªø¹F¼Æ¤Q¦~ªº¡uÅK¦å²z¿»¡v¬Fµ¦¡C
1914¦~¡A²Ä¤¥ô¥xÆWÁ`·þ¦õ¤[¶¡¥ª°¨¤Óµo°Ê¡u¤Ó¾|»Õ¾Ôª§¡v¡A°Ê¥Î¥¿³Wx¡B«¯¥»PxÄ¥¡A¥H¸U¤Hx¶¤§¨À»¨â¤d¦h¦W¶È«ù¤õඪº¤Ó¾|»Õ±Ú¤H¡A¦å¬~¤sªL¡CÀH«áªº°ªÀ£²Îªv¡BÄYV³Ò§Ð»PºØ±Úª[µø¡A²×©ó¦b1930¦~¤ÞÃz¤F¾_Åå°ê»Úªº¡uÃúªÀ¨Æ¥ó¡v¡C²ö¨º¡P¾|¹D²v»âÁɼw§J±Ú¤H¡]·í®É³QÂkÃþ¬°®õ¶®±Ú¡^¶i¦æµ´±æ¦Ó¹x±jªºªZ¸Ë§Ü¤é¡A¤éx«h¤£±¤¹H¤Ï°ê»Ú¤½¬ù°Ê¥Î¬r®ð¶i¦æ·Àµ´¦¡ÂíÀ£¡C¦b¨ºÓ¦~¥N¡Aì¦í¥Á±Úªº®a¶é³Q·´¡BÂy³õ³Q¹Ü¡B¯ªÆFªº³W°V³Q½î½ñ¡AÂù¤è¦å¬y¦¨ªe¡Aµ²¤U¤F¤£¦@À¹¤Ñ¤§¤³¡C
¤G¡B ¬ì¾Ç»P¬FªvªºÂùy¨Ã¦æ¡G½ºÁl¤Wªº¡uÀY¥Ø¡vÆgºq»P¾Ç³N¨g¼ö
µM¦Ó¡A´N¦bªZ¸Ë½Ä¬ðªº¦å¸{µv·Ï©|¥¼´²ºÉ¤§»Ú¡A¥xÆWªº°ª¤s²`¨¦¤¤«o¥X²{¤F¥t¤@¸s¤é¥»¤Hªº¨¼v¡X¡X¥L̤£®³ºj¡A¦Ó¬O®³µÛ®·Âκô¡C³o¸s¦b¥xªº¤é¥»¥Íª«¾Ç®a¡A®i²{¤F»P´Þ¥Á¬F©²°ªÀ£¬Fªv§¹¥þ¤£¦Pªº»ùÈÆ[¡C
1932¦~¡A¦b©yÄõ¤s°Ï±Ä¶°¨ì·¥¨ä¬Ãµ}ªº¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v«á¡A¥D«ù¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç©øÂξÇÁ¿®yªº¯À¤ì±o¤@±Ð±Â»P¨ä¹Î¶¤¡A³Q³o°¦¾Ö¦³Âù§À¬ð³e¬ï¯Í¯ß¡B¬ü±o¥O¤H²¿®§ªº½¹½º²`²`¾_¾Ù¡C¬°¤F¹üÅã³o°¦µ}¥@¬ÃºØ¦b½¹½º¬É¦Ü°ªµL¤Wªº²Îªv¦a¦ì¡A¯À¤ì±o¤@¨M©w±Ä¥Î®õ¶®±Ú»y¤¤¥Nªí¡u©ªø¡BÀY¥Ø¡vªºµü·J
"Maraho"¡A±N¨ä©R¦W¬° Agehana maraho¡C
³o¶µ©R¦W½T¹ê»P´Þ¥Á¬F©²ªº¡uÃh¬X¬Fµ¦¡v²@µLÃö«Y¡C¥¦®i²{ªº¬O¬ì¾Ç»P¬FªvªºÂùyµo®i¡G¬Fªv¤W¡A´Þ¥Á©x¹±µøì¦í¥Á¬°»Ýn³Q¹¥ªAªº¡u¿»¤H¡v¡F¦ý¦b¬ì¾Ç®aªº¾Ç³N®öº©»P¯Âºé¨g¼ö¤¤¡Aì¦í¥ÁÀY¥Ø¨º±j®«¡B«ÂÄY¡B¥D®_¤sªLªº§Î¶H¡A¤Ï˦¨¬°ÆgÅA³o°¦¡u½º¤¤¤§¤ý¡vªº³Ì¨Î¶H¼x¡C¤é¥»¬ì¾Ç®a¥H¦Û¨ªº¾Ç³N»ùÈÆ[¡A¦b¦B§Nªº´Þ¥Á²Îªv¤¤¡A·N¥~¦a¬°ì¦í¥Á¤å¤Æ«O¯d¤F¤@©Ù´LÄYªº²ª¸ñ¡C
¤T¡B ±Ð¨|¤WªºÆF»îé¹Ü¡G±q¬Ó¥Á¤Æ¨ì°ª¬â¸q«i¶¤ªº´Þ¥Á±`³W
·í¬ì¾Ç®a¦b½ºÁl¤W¯d¤U¹ï¤sªL¥D®_ªÌªºÂ§Æg®É¡A´Þ¥Á¬FÅvªº°ê®a¾÷¾¹«o¦b¶i¦æ¤@³õ§ó²`¨è¡B§ó´Ý»ÅªºªÀ·|¤uµ{¡C³o¥¿¬O¾ú¥v¤W©Ò¦³·s´Þ¥ÁªÌ¦b²Îªv·s»â¤g®É¡A¥²µM·|¹ê¬Iªº¡u±Ð¨|±`³W¯g¡v¡X¡X¦bºë¯«»P±Ð¨|¤W¡A¹ý©³é¹Ü³Q²ÎªvªÌªº¥Á±ÚÆF»î¡C
¦b´Ý»ÅÂíÀ£¤F¤Ï§Üªº²Ä¤@¥Nì¦í¥Á«á¡A¤é¥»¬F©²²`ª¾¡uªZ¤O¯àªA¤H¡A«o¤£¯àªA¤ß¡v¡C©ó¬O¡A¥L̦b¤s¦a³¡¸¨¤j¶q³]¥ß¡uµfµ£±Ð¨|©Ò¡v¡A±À¦æ°ª±j«×ªº¬Ó¥Á¤Æ±Ð¨|¡C³z¹L¤é»y±Ð¾Ç¡B¯«¹D±ÐÄé¿é¥H¤Î¹ï¤j¤é¥»«Ò°ê¤Ñ¬Óªºµ´¹ï®Ä©¾¡A´Þ¥ÁªÌºë·Ç¦aìI³Î¤F¤U¤@¥Nì¦í¥Áªº¶Ç²Î¾ú¥v°O¾Ð»P¡u¥X¯ó¡v¯ªÆF«H¥õ¡A«¶ì¤F¥L̪º°ê®a»{¦P¡C
³o³õ¡uÆF»îé¹Ü¡vªº¦¨ªG¡A¦b¤Ó¥¬v¾Ôª§Ãzµo«á¹F¨ì¤F´d¼@©ÊªºÅq®p¡C¨º¨ÇÅ¥µÛ¤é¥»xºq¡B±µ¨ü¤é¦¡±Ð¨|ªø¤jªº²Ä¤G¥Nì¦í¥Á«C¦~¡A¦b°ê®a»{¦Pªº§Î¶ì»PÃÒ©ú¦Û¨´LÄYªº¤ß²zÅX¨Ï¤U¡A³Q¢©Î¦ÛÄ@½s¤J¡u°ª¬â¸q«i¶¤¡v¡C¥LÌ¿ò§Ñ¤F¤÷½ú»P¤é¥»¤Hªº¦å®ü²`¤³¡A¤Ï¦Ó®³°_ªZ¾¹¡A«e©¹«n¬v¼ö±a«BªL¡A¬°³oÓ´¿¸g±O±þ¦Û¤v¯ª¥ýªº´Þ¥Á«Ò°ê®Ä©¾u¦º¡C
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¾Ç¦W¤¤ªº maraho¡]ÀY¥Ø¡^¡A¬O¤é¥»¬ì¾Ç®a¦b¬Fªvµv·Ï¥~ªº¤@©Ù¾Ç³N±R·q¡F¦Ó°ª¬â¸q«i¶¤¦b«n¬vÂOªL¤¤ªº§o³Û¡A«o¬O´Þ¥Á±Ð¨|¦¨¥\é¹Ü¤@Ó¥Á±ÚÆF»îªº¾ú¥v´dºq¡C³o¨âªÌ¦b1930¦~¥Nªº¥xÆW¥æÂ´¨Ã¦s¡A¦@¦Pºc¦¨¤F¤@´T¬J¬üÄR¤S´Ý»Å¡B¬J²z©Ê¤SºÆ¨gªº´Þ¥Á¾ú¥vµe¨÷¡C¥¦´£¿ôµÛ«á¥@¾ú¥v¹ï¥xÆWªº¥Ù¬Þ¡C

¥x¦rÀ²¸¹¥Nªíªº¬O»OÆWÁ`·þ©²ªº©x¤è¯¾³¹¡]¥x¦rÀ²³¹¡^¡C¥¦¥X²{¦b¾Ç®Õ²¦·~ÃҮѪº¥¿¤¤¥¡¡A¨ã¦³·¥±jªº¬Fªv¶H¼x»PÅé¨î·N²[¡C³o¥NªíµÛ¸ÓÃҮѬO¥Ñ¤j¤é¥»«Ò°ê´Þ¥Á¬FÅv¡BÁ`·þ©²©x¤è©Ò¥¿¦¡±Â»P¡B»{ÃÒªº°ê¥Á¨¤À»PºaÅA¡C
The "Tai-Zhi" (Taiwan character) emblem represents
the official crest of the Taiwan Governor-General's Office. Placed at the very
center of the graduation certificate, it carries a profound political symbolism
and systemic implication. This signifies that the certificate was officially
bestowed and authenticated by the Japanese imperial colonial regime and the
Governor-General's Office, serving as a formal validation of national identity
and honor.
¡u¥x¦r³¹¡]たいじしょう¡^¡vの¯¾³¹は¡B¥x湾総·þ©²の¤½¦¡な¯¾³¹¡]¥x¦rÀ²³¹¡^をªíしている¡Cそれが学®Õの¨ò·~µý®Ñの¯u¤¤¥¡に°t¸mされていることは¡B·¥めて±jい¬Fªvªº¶H徴とÊ^¨îªºな·N¨ý¦Xいを«ùっている¡Cこれは¡Bこのµý®Ñが¤j¤é¥»«Ò国の´Ó¥Á¦a¬F権および総·þ©²当§½によって¤½¦¡に±ÂÉOされ¡B»{µýされた国¥Áとしての¨¤Àと¦W誉であることを¥Üしている¡C
¡@
Preface II: Blood and Redemption Beneath
the Butterfly Wings: A Colonial Trilogy of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples,
Scientific Fanaticism, and Spiritual Deprivation Under Japanese Rule
In the grand narrative of Taiwanese history, the 1930s was a turbulent era
filled with bloodshed, contradiction, and spiritual tearing. Opening this
chapter of history reveals a highly bizarre parallel universe. On one hand, the
mountains witnessed the cruel suppression of primitive forces by modernized
firearms, embedding a blood feud between the indigenous peoples and the colonial
government. On the other hand, in those very same mountains, Japanese scientists
used the most sublime indigenous honorific to bestow an eternal scientific name
upon a dreamlike butterfly. Behind both of these lay a cold, routine practice by
the colonial regime to precisely castrate the souls of the ruled. The complexity
of this history can be deeply analyzed through three core perspectives.
I. The Deep Blood Feud of the "Iron-Blood Indigenous Management Policy": From
the Truku War to the Wushe Incident
Since Japan took control of Taiwan in 1895, the "camphor" and "timber" of the
mountain forests became the black and green gold that the colonial empire
eagerly plundered. To gain absolute control over this wealth, the Japanese
colonial government launched a decades-long "Iron-Blood Indigenous Management
Policy" against indigenous groups like the Atayal and Seediq, who occupied the
deep mountains to defend their traditional hunting grounds and "headhunting"
culture.
In 1914, the fifth Governor-General of Taiwan, Samata Sakuma, launched the "Truku
War." Deploying regular troops, heavy artillery, and warships, a force of ten
thousand soldiers pinced over two thousand Truku people who possessed only
flintlock rifles, bathing the forests in blood. The subsequent high-pressure
rule, harsh forced labor, and racial discrimination eventually triggered the
internationally shocking "Wushe Incident" in 1930. Mona Rudao led the Seediq
people (then classified under the Atayal) in a desperate yet tenacious armed
resistance, while the Japanese military did not hesitate to violate
international conventions by using poison gas for a genocidal crackdown. In that
era, the indigenous peoples saw their homes destroyed, hunting grounds seized,
and the laws of their ancestral spirits trampled. Both sides bled profusely,
creating an irreconcilable blood feud.
II. The Parallel Tracks of Science and Politics: The "Chief" Paean on Butterfly
Wings and Academic Fanaticism
However, before the bloody smoke of armed conflict had even dissipated, another
group of Japanese appeared in the high mountains and deep valleys of Taiwan¡Xthey
held insect nets instead of guns. These Japanese biologists in Taiwan
demonstrated values entirely different from the high-pressure politics of the
colonial government.
In 1932, after collecting the extremely rare Broad-tailed Swallowtail Butterfly
(Agehana maraho) in the mountains of Yilan, Professor Tokuichi Shiraki, who
headed the entomology chair at Taihoku Imperial University, and his team were
deeply stunned by this breathtakingly beautiful butterfly with double tail
projections penetrated by wing veins. To highlight this rare species' supreme
status in the butterfly kingdom, Shiraki decided to use the word "Maraho," which
means "chief" or "leader" in the Atayal language, naming it Agehana maraho.
This naming indeed had absolutely nothing to do with the colonial government's
"appeasement policy." Instead, it demonstrated the parallel development of
science and politics. Politically, colonial bureaucrats viewed the indigenous
peoples as "savages" (fanren) who needed to be tamed. Yet, within the
scientists' academic romance and pure fanaticism, the powerful, majestic image
of the indigenous chief as the ruler of the mountains became the ultimate symbol
to praise this "King of Butterflies." Guided by their own academic values, these
Japanese scientists unexpectedly preserved a trace of dignity for indigenous
culture amidst a cold colonial rule.
III. Spiritual Deprivation in Education: The Colonial Routine from Japanization
to the Takasago Volunteers
While scientists were leaving a tribute to the rulers of the mountains on the
wings of a butterfly, the state apparatus of the colonial regime was executing a
deeper, more brutal piece of social engineering. This is precisely the
"educational routine syndrome" that all historical neo-colonialists inevitably
implement when ruling new territories¡Xthe complete deprivation of the ruled
population's ethnic soul through psychological and educational means.
After brutally suppressing the first generation of indigenous resistance, the
Japanese government knew well that "force can subdue people, but it cannot win
their hearts." Consequently, they established numerous "Aboriginal Children's
Educational Institutes" (bando kyoikusho) in mountain villages to implement
intensive Japanization (Kominka) education. Through Japanese language
instruction, Shinto indoctrination, and absolute loyalty to the Emperor of the
Empire of Japan, the colonizers precisely castrated the traditional historical
memory and ancestral spirit beliefs (such as headhunting) of the next generation
of indigenous youth, reshaping their national identity.
The results of this "spiritual deprivation" reached a tragic climax following
the outbreak of the Pacific War. The second generation of indigenous youth, who
grew up listening to Japanese military songs and receiving Japanese-style
education, were driven by a reshaped national identity and a psychological urge
to prove their dignity. As a result, they were forced or volunteered to enlist
in the "Takasago Volunteers." Forgetting the blood feud between their fathers
and the Japanese, they instead took up arms and headed to the tropical
rainforests of the South Seas, fighting and dying out of loyalty to the colonial
empire that had once slaughtered their ancestors.
The maraho (chief) in the scientific name of the Broad-tailed Swallowtail
Butterfly represents a touch of academic reverence from Japanese scientists
outside the smoke of politics. Conversely, the cries of the Takasago Volunteers
in the jungles of the South Seas echo the historical tragedy of colonial
education successfully stripping away a nation's soul. Intertwined in 1930s
Taiwan, these two phenomena formed a colonial historical tapestry that was
simultaneously beautiful and cruel, rational and mad. It serves as a stark
reminder to posterity of the historical contradictions inherent to Taiwan.

¡u¬Ó¥Á¤Æ¡v»P¡u°ê®a»{¦P«¶ì¡v
³o±i¤éªv®É´Áªº»OÆWÁ`·þ©²°ª¶¯¦{¨Î¥V°ê¥Á¾Ç®ÕפFÃҮѡ]²¦·~©Îµ²·~ÃҮѡ^¡A¥¿¬O´Þ¥Á¬FÅv±À¦æ±Ð¨|¨î«×¡B¹ê¬I¡u¬Ó¥Á¤Æ¡v»P¡u°ê®a»{¦P«¶ì¡vªº¾ú¥v¹êª«¨£ÃÒ¡C¤éªvªì´Á¤s¦a³¡¸¨³]¥ßªº¬O¡uµfµ£±Ð¨|©Ò¡v¡A¥¦a«h¬O¡u¤½¾Ç®Õ¡v¡C¨ì¤F
1941 ¦~¡]¬L©M 16 ¦~¡^¡A¤é¥»¬F©²¬°¤F¶i¤@¨B±À¦æ¡u¬Ó¥Á¤@Åé¡v¡A±N¥þ¥xªº¤½¾Ç®Õ¡B¤p¾Ç®Õ²Î¤@§ï¨î¬°¡u°ê¥Á¾Ç®Õ¡v¡C³o±i 1943
¦~ªºÃҮѡA¥¿¬O¸Ó¾Ç¨îÅܲ¤Uªº²£ª«¡C³o¦ì¦W¥s¡u³¯¥É¶³¡vªº¾Ç¥Í¥X¥Í©ó 1930 ¦~¡]è¦n¬OÃúªÀ¨Æ¥óÃzµo¨º¤@¦~¡^¡A¨Ã¦b 1943
¦~¡]¤Ó¥¬v¾Ôª§¦p¤õ¦p²þ¤§»Ú¡^±qªìµ¥¬ì²¦·~¡C³oÓ¥@¥Nªº«C¦~¡A¥¿¬O¤å¤¤«ü¥X¡uÅ¥µÛ¤é¥»xºq¡B±µ¨ü¤é¦¡±Ð¨|ªø¤j¡vªº²Ä¤G¥N¥xÆW«C¦~¡C¦b¨ºÓ®ÉªÅI´º¤U¡A¥L̪º°ê®a»{¦P»P¶Ç²Î¾ú¥v°O¾Ð¡A¥¿³z¹L³o±iÃÒ®ÑI«áªº±Ð¨|Åé¨î³Qºë·Ç¦a«¶ì¡C
"Japanization" and the "Reshaping of National
Identity"
This graduation certificate (completion certificate) from the Katō Public
Elementary School in Takao Prefecture under the Taiwan Governor-General's Office
during the Japanese colonial period serves as a historical physical artifact
witnessing the colonial regime's implementation of its educational system, "Japanization"
(Kominka), and the "reshaping of national identity." In the early stages of
Japanese rule, "Aboriginal Children's Educational Institutes" (bando kyoikusho)
were established in mountain tribal areas, while "Public Schools" (kogakko) were
set up in the lowlands. By 1941 (Showa 16), in order to further promote the
concept of "Emperor and Subjects as One Body," the Japanese government unified
all public and elementary schools across Taiwan into "Public Elementary Schools"
(kokumin gakko). This 1943 certificate is a direct product of that educational
system reform. The student, named Chen Yu-yun, was born in 1930 (the exact year
the Wushe Incident erupted) and graduated from the primary elementary course in
1943, a time when the Pacific War was in full swing. The youth of this
generation represent the second-generation Taiwanese youth described in the
text¡Xthose who "grew up listening to Japanese military songs and receiving
Japanese-style education." Against that historical backdrop, their national
identity and traditional historical memories were being precisely reshaped
through the very educational system that lay behind this certificate.
¡u¬Ó¥Á¤Æ¡vと¡u国®aアイデンティティの¦Aºc¿v¡v
¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥x湾総·þ©²°ª¶¯¦{¨Î¥V¡]かとう¡^国¥Á学®ÕのפFµý®Ñ¡]¨ò·~µý®Ñ¡^は¡B´Ó¥Á¦a¬F権が±Ð¨|¨î«×を±Àし¶iめ¡B¡u¬Ó¥Á¤Æ¡vと¡u国®aアイデンティティの¦Aºc¿v¡vを実¦æした歴¥vªºな実ª«¸ê®Æ¡]ª«µý¡^である¡C¤é¥»²Îªvªì´Á¡B¤s¦aの¶°¸¨には¡uµfµ£±Ð¨|©Ò¡vが¡B¥¦aには¡u¤½学®Õ¡vが³]¸mされていた¡Cその«á¡B1941¦~¡]¬L©M16¦~¡^になると¡B¤é¥»¬F©²はさらなる¡u¬Ó¥Á¤@Ê^¡vを±À¶iするため¡B¥þ¥x湾の¤½学®Õと¤p学®Õを²Î¦Xして¡u国¥Á学®Õ¡vへと§ï¨îした¡Cこの1943¦~のµý®Ñは¡Bまさにその学¨î§ï²の産ª«である¡C¡u³¯¥É¶³¡vという¦Wのこの児µ£は¡B1930¦~¡]©_しくもÃúªÀ¨Æ¥óが«k発した¦~¡^に¥Íまれ¡B¤Ó¥¬v戦争がたけなわであった1943¦~にªìµ¥¬ìをפFした¡Cこの¥@¥Nの«C¦~たちこそ¡B¥»¤å¤¤で«üºKされた¡u¤é¥»のxºqを聴き¡B¤é¥»¦¡の±Ð¨|を¨üけて¨|った¡v²Ä¤G¥@¥Nの¥x湾¤H«C¦~である¡C当®Éの®ÉªÅI´ºにおいて¡B©¼らの国®a·NÃÑとÉ´²Îªºな歴¥vの°O¾Ðは¡Bこのµý®ÑのI´ºにある±Ð¨|Ê^¨îを³qじて¡Bºë±Kに®Ñき´«えられ¡]¦Aºc¿vされ¡^ていったのである¡C
¡@
§Ç¤å ¤G¡G½ºの¦Ðに隠された¦å¶îられた歴¥vと±Ï済¡G¤é¥»²Îªv¤U¥x湾のì¦í¥Á¡B¬ì学への¨g¼ö¡Bそして»îの剥¹Üを¨µる´Ó¥Á¦a¤T³¡§@
¥x湾の壮¤jな歴¥vの叙¨Æ¸Öにおいて¡B1930¦~¥NはÂA¦å¡B¥Ù¬Þ¡Bそして¤Þきµõかれた»îに満ちた°Ê乱の歳¤ëであった¡Cこの歴¥vの1ページをめくると¡B·¥めて©_§®な¨Ã¦æ¥@¬Éが¦s¦bしていたことに気づく¡C¤@¤èでは¡Bªñ¥Nªºなද¥がì©lªºなªZ¤Oを残»ÅにÂí圧する¥ú´ºが¤sªLでò²り広げられ¡Bì¦í¥Áと´Ó¥Á¦a¬F©²の¶¡に¤£倶À¹¤Ñの¼Ä·Nが´Óえ¥Iけられていた¡Cしかしもう¤@¤èでは¡B¥þく¦Pじ¤sªLで¡B¤é¥»の¬ì学ªÌたちがì¦í¥Áの³Ìも±R°ªな·q称を¥Îいて¡Bある¹Úのような½ºに¥Ã»·の学¦Wを±Âけていたのである¡Cそしてこれら両ªÌのI«áには¡B³Q²ÎªvªÌの»îをºë±Kに¥h¶Õしようとする´Ó¥Á¦a¬F権の§N»Åな±`®M¤â¬qが隠されていた¡Cこの歴¥vの½Æ雑©Êは¡B¥H¤Uの3つの®Ö¤ßªºなµø点から²`く¤ÀªRすることができる¡C
¤@¡B ¡u鉄¦å²z¿»¡v¬Fµ¦による¦å®üの¤³¡G¤Ó¾|»Õ¡]タロコ¡^戦争からÃúªÀ¨Æ¥óまで
1895¦~の¤é¥»による¥x湾»â¦³¥H来¡B¤sªLの¡u¼Ì脳¡vと¡u¤ì§÷¡vは¡B´Ó¥Á¦a«Ò国が¦å²´になって²¤¹Üしようとする黒と緑の黄ª÷となった¡Cこの´Iを§¹¥þに¤ä°tするため¡B¤é¥»´Ó¥Á¦a¬F©²は¡B²`¤sに拠点を¸mきÉ´²Îªºな猟³õと¡u¥X¯ó¡]º¬¼り¡^¡vの¤å¤Æを¦uろうとするタイヤル±Úやセデック±Úなどのì¦í¥Á±Úに対し¡B数¤Q¦~に¤Îぶ¡u鉄¦å²z¿»¡v¬Fµ¦を®i¶}した¡C
1914¦~¡B²Ä5¥N¥x湾総·þの¦õ¤[¶¡¥ª°¨¤Óは¡u¤Ó¾|»Õ¡]タロコ¡^戦争¡vを発°Ê¡C¥¿³Wx¡B«¯¥¡BxÄ¥を§ë¤Jし¡B1ÉE¤Hのx¶¤で¤õ縄à¶しか«ùたない2¤d¤H§Eりのタロコ±Úを挟撃し¡B¤sªLを¦åに¬Vめた¡Cその«áの°ª圧ªºな²Îªv¡B¹L»Åな労§Ð¡Bそして¤HºØ®t§Oは¡Bついに1930¦~¡B国»ÚªÀ会を¾_¾Ùさせた¡uÃúªÀ¨Æ¥ó¡vを¤Þき°_こす¡Cモーナ・ルダオ²vいるセデック±Ú¡]当®Éはタイヤル±Úに¤ÀÃþ¡^は絶±æªºかつ¹x±jなªZ装§Ü¤éを®i¶}し¡B¤é¥»xは国»Ú条¬ùを¹H¤Ïしてまでも¬rガスを¨Ï¥Îし¡B絶·ÀªºなÂí圧を¦æった¡Cあの®É¥N¡Bì¦í¥Á±Úの¬G郷は¯}壊され¡B猟³õは¹Üわれ¡B¯ª霊のÕ~は½ñみにじられた¡C双¤èの¦åが¤tのように¬yれ¡B¨Mして®øえない«è«ëがµ²ばれた¡C
¤G¡B ¬ì学と¬Fªvの¤Gy¨Ã¦æ¡G½ºの¦Ðに¨èまれた¡uÀY¥Ø¡vへの賛ºqと学³Nªº¨g¼ö
しかし¡BªZ¤O½Ä¬ðの¦å¥Í¯äいµv·Ïがまだ¥ßち込める¤¤¡B¥x湾の°ª¤sや²`¨¦には§Oの¤é¥»¤Hグループの«ºがあった¡C©¼らが¤âにしていたのはà¶ではなく¡B¦ä¨úりºôであった¡C¥x湾に´çった¤é¥»の¥Íª«学ªÌたちは¡B´Ó¥Á¦a¬F©²の°ª圧ªºな¬Fªvとは¥þく²§なる価値観を¥Üしたのである¡C
1932¦~¡B©yÄõ¡]ぎらん¡^の¤s©¨¦a帯で·¥めて§Æ¤Öな¡uフトオアゲハ¡vが±Ä¶°された¡C¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学で©øÂÎ学Á¿®yを¥D®_していた¯À¤ì±o¤@¡]しらき
とくいち¡^±Ð±Âとそのチームは¡B¯Í¯ßが³qる2¥»の§À¬ð°_を«ùつ¡B®§をのむほど¬üしいこの½ºに²`い½Ä撃を¨üけた¡Cこのµ}¥@の¬ÃºØが½ºの¬Éにおいて¦Ü°ªの¤ä°tªº¦a¦ìにあることを¥Üすため¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@はタイヤル»yで¡uチーフ¡]ºªø・ÀY¥Ø¡^¡vを·N¨ýする¨¥¸¡uマラホ¡]Maraho¡^¡vを±Ä¥Îし¡Bこの½ºを
Agehana maraho と©R¦Wした¡C
この©R¦Wは¡B´Ó¥Á¦a¬F©²のいわゆる¡u懐¬X¬Fµ¦¡vとは¥þくµL関«Yであった¡Cそれは¬ì学と¬Fªvの¤Gyªºな発®iを¥Üしている¡C¬Fªvªºには¡B´Ó¥Á¦a©x¹±はì¦í¥Áを従属させるべき¡u¿»¤H¡vと¨£なしていた¡Cしかし¡B¬ì学ªÌたちの学³Nªºロマンと¯Â粋な¨g¼öの¤¤では¡B¤sªLを¥D®_するì¦í¥ÁのÀY¥Øの±j®«で«Â厳ある«ºこそが¡Bこの¡u½ºの¤ý¡vを称える³Ì°ªの¶H徴となったのである¡C¤é¥»の¬ì学ªÌたちは¦Ûらの学³Nªº価値観に°òづき¡B§N»Åな´Ó¥Á¦a²Îªvの¤¤で¡B¥Ö¦×にもì¦í¥Á¤å¤Æの´L厳の¨¬¸ñを¤£·Nに残すこととなった¡C
¤T¡B ±Ð¨|における»îの剥¹Ü¡G¬Ó¥Á¤Æから°ª¬â¸q«i¶¤に¦Üる´Ó¥Á¦aの±`®M¤â¬q
¬ì学ªÌが½ºの¦Ðに¤sªLの¤ä°tªÌへの賛ºqを¨èんでいたその®É¡B´Ó¥Á¦a¬F権の国®a権¤Oは¡Bより²`く¡Bより残»ÅなªÀ会¤u学¡]ソーシャル・エンジニアリング¡^を¶iめていた¡Cこれこそ¡B歴¥v¤Wのあらゆる·s´Ó¥Á¦a¥D¸qªÌが·sたな»â¤gを²Îªvする»Úに¥²ず実¦æする¡u±Ð¨|ªº±`®M¯g¡vであり¡Bºë¯«と±Ð¨|を³qじて³Q²ÎªvªÌの¥Á±Úªº»îを¹ý©³ªºに剥¹Üする¸Õみであった¡C
©è§Üする²Ä¤@¥@¥Nのì¦í¥ÁをªZ¤Oで残»ÅにÂí圧した«á¡B¤é¥»¬F©²は¡uªZ¤Oで¤Hは従わせられても¡B¤ßまでは従わせられない¡vということをµh·Pしていた¡Cそこで©¼らは¡B¤s¦aの¶°¸¨に¦h数の¡uµfµ£±Ð¨|©Ò¡vを³]¸mし¡B°ª±j«×の¬Ó¥Á¤Æ±Ð¨|を±À¶iした¡C¤é¥»»y±Ð¨|¡B¯«¹D«ä·Qのª`¤J¡Bそして¤j¤é¥»«Ò国¤Ñ¬Óへの絶対ªº©¾¸Ûを³qじて¡B´Ó¥Á¦a権¤Oは¦¸¥@¥Nのì¦í¥ÁからÉ´²Îªºな歴¥vの°O¾Ðや¡u¥X¯ó¡]º¬¼り¡^¡vの¯ª霊«H¥õをºë±Kに¥h¶Õし¡Bその国®aアイデンティティを¦Aºc¿vしていったのである¡C
この¡u»îの剥¹Ü¡vの¦¨ªGは¡B¤Ó¥¬v戦争の«k発によって´d¼@ªºな³»点に¹Fした¡C¤é¥»のxºqを聴き¡B¤é¥»¦¡の±Ð¨|を¨üけて¨|った²Ä¤G¥@¥Nのì¦í¥Á«C¦~たちは¡B§Î¦¨された国®a·NÃÑと¡B¦Ûらの´L厳をµý©úしたいという¤ß²zªº½Ä°Êに駆られ¡B¡u°ª¬â¸q«i¶¤¡vへと°Êû¡Bあるいは§ÓÄ@していった¡C©¼らは¤÷¯ªの¥@¥Nが¤é¥»¤Hと¥æわした¦å®üの¤³を§Ñれ¡Bかつて¤vの¯ª¥ýをh±þした´Ó¥Á¦a«Ò国の§QのためにªZ¾¹を¨úり¡B«n¬vの¼ö帯«BªLへとuいて©¾¸Ûを»}い¡B©Rを¸¨としたのである¡C
フトオアゲハの学¦Wに¨èまれた¡umaraho¡]マラホ¡þÀY¥Ø¡^¡vは¡B¬Fªvのµv·Ïの¥~で¤é¥»の¬ì学ªÌが¥Üした学³Nªºな·q·Nのªíれである¡C¤@¤èで¡B«n¬vのジャングルにÅTき´çった°ª¬â¸q«i¶¤の¥sびは¡B´Ó¥Á¦a±Ð¨|がひとつの¥Á±Úの»îを剥¹Üすることに¦¨¥\した歴¥vªº´dºqであった¡Cこの¤Gつの¨Æ¶Hは1930¦~¥Nの¥x湾でªíùؤ@Ê^として¦s¦bし¡B¬üしくも残»Åで¡B²z©Êªºでありながら¨g気に満ちた´Ó¥Á¦a歴¥vの絵巻をºc¦¨している¡Cそれは«á¥@に対し¡B¥x湾が内¥]する歴¥vªº¥Ù¬Þを±jくª«»yっている¡C
¡@

¡m»OÆWªº±m½º¡n¤@®Ñ¬°³¯ºû¹Ø¦Ñ®vªºµÛ§@, ¤]¬Oµ§ªÌªº½ºÃþ¬ã¨s±Ò»X®ÑÄy¤§¤@¡C³¯ºû¹Ø¦Ñ®v(1931-2025)
¬O»OÆWµÛ¦Wªº°êÄ_¯Å©øÂξǮa»P¥ÍºA±Ð¨|®a, ³QÅA¬°¡u»OÆW½¹½º¥ý¥Í¡v©Î¡u½¹½º·Ý·Ý¡v, ¦b»OÆW½ºÃþ¬ã¨s»â°ì¤¤¾Ö¦³±R°ªªº¦a¦ì¡C
The book "The Colorful
Butterflies of Taiwan" was written by Mr. Chen Wei-shou, and it serves as one of
the very books that enlightened my own research into butterflies. Chen Wei-shou
(1931¡V2025) was a renowned national treasure-level entomologist and ecological
educator in Taiwan. Widely honored as "Taiwan's Mr. Butterfly" or the "Grandpa
of Butterflies," he holds an extraordinarily sublime and revered position in the
field of Taiwanese butterfly research.
¡y»OÆWªº±m½º(¥x湾の±mる½º) ¡zは³¯ºû寿(チェン・ウェイショウ) ¥ý¥ÍのµÛ®Ñであり¡Bµ§ªÌの½ºÃþ¬ã¨sにおける啓»X®Ñ(ì点)
の¤@つでもあります¡C³¯ºû寿¥ý¥Í(1931-2025)
は¡B¥x湾のµÛ¦Wな国宝¯Åの©ø¦ä学ªÌであり¥ÍºA±Ð¨|®aでもあります¡C¡u¥x湾のミスター・バタフライ¡vや¡u½º々おじいさん¡vと称えられ¡B¥x湾の½ºÃþ¬ã¨sにおいて«D±`に±R°ªな¦a¦ìを¿vかれました¡C
¥»±MÃD±N¤¶²Ð¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º»P¥_§ë¥Û
»OÆW¤sªL»P·Ë¨¦ªº¥@¬ö¶Ç©_¡G¤Û¤§½º»P¤£·À¤§¥Û
¦bºÖº¸¼¯¨Fªº¦ÛµMµo²{¥v¤¤, ¦³¨âÁû¸ó¶V¥@¬öªºÄ£²´ºÀÄ_¡C
¤@¬O¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v, ¨e¬O¸¶V¤d¸U¦~¦Bªe·³¤ëªº¡u¤Û¤§½º¡v¡C¾ÌÂǵ۫á¯Í¼e¤j¬Û³sªº©úÆv³½§Àª¬¬õ´³, °ª¶Æ¦aÀ¹¤W®õ¶®±Ú¤sªL¡u©ªø/ÀY¥Ø(Maraho) ¡vªººaÅA,
¥H¡u¤K¦Ê¶ê½º¡vªº¶Ç©_¨»ù¾_¾Ù°ê»Ú¦¬ÂìÉ, ¦¨¬°»O¤j©øÂξǨt¥N¥N¬Û¶ÇªºÂíÀ]°êÄ_¡C
¤G¬O¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡v, ¨e¬OÁô°Î©ó¤j¤Ù¤õ¤s¸s¦a¼ö·ÏÃú¤¤ªº·Å¬uºÀÄ_¡C¾ú¸g¤õ¤s»P±j»Ä·Ë¤ô¤d¦Ê¦~ªº²fÁå, ¦]¤@¥]¥¼¨R¬~©³¤ùªº·N¥~Ãn¥ú,
¸Ñ¶}¤FÅ餺ħt·L¶q©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡uÅJ¡vªº¯«¯¦¨¥@¡C¨e¬O¦a²y¼Æ¤dºØÄqª«¤¤, °ß¤@¥H»OÆW¦a¦W©R¦Wªºµ}¥@Äqª«, ±N¥_§ë¤§¦W¥Ã»·¼g¶i¤F¥þ²y¬ì¾Çªº¦r¨å¸Ì¡C
³o¬O¤@¬qÃö©ó¥Í©R¦Ð¤Æ»PÄqª«µ²´¹ªº®öº©ÁÛ°m, §ó¬O»OÆW³o¤ù¤g¦aÄmµ¹¥þ¤HÃþ³Ì¬Ã¶Qªº¬ì¾Ç»P¾ú¥v§ª«¡C
This special project will introduce the
Taiwan broad-tailed swallowtail butterfly and hokutolite
Centennial Legends of Taiwan's Mountains and
Gorges: The Phantom Butterfly and the Immortal Stone
In the history of natural discoveries in Formosa, there lie two radiant
treasures that have spanned over a century.
The first is the "Agehana maraho (Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail)," the
"phantom butterfly" that has soared through thousands of years of the Ice Age.
With the vivid, fish-tail-shaped red spots on its broad, interconnected
hindwings, it proudly dons the honor of the Atayal mountain "chieftain/chief (Maraho)."
It once shocked the international collecting world with its legendary bounty as
the "Eight Hundred Yen Butterfly," and has now become a deeply cherished, crown
jewel specimen passed down through generations at the NTU Department of
Entomology.
The second is Hokutolite, a hot spring treasure hidden amidst the curling
geothermal mists of the Tatun Volcano Group. After enduring centuries of
continuous tempering by volcanoes and highly acidic creek waters, its mysterious
identity¡Xharboring the trace radioactive element "Radium"¡Xwas unlocked by the
accidental exposure of a packet of undeveloped film. Out of thousands of
minerals on Earth, it is the only one named after a Taiwanese locality, forever
inscribing the name of Beitou into the global dictionaries of science.
This is a story of a romantic encounter between the pupation of life and the
crystallization of a mineral¡Xand above all, a most precious scientific and
historical gift presented by the land of Taiwan to all of humanity.
¡@
¥»¯S¶°では¡Bタイワンカラスアゲハ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º) と¥_§ë¥Ûについてご²Ð¤¶します
¥x湾の¤sªLと渓¨¦が¯¼ぐ¦Ê¦~のÉ´©_¡G¤Ûの½ºと¤£·Àの¥Û
フォルモサ(¥x湾) の¦ÛµM発¨£¥vにおいて¡B¤@¥@¬öを¶Wえて½÷き続ける¤Gつの¦Ü宝がある¡C
¤@つは¡B¦ó¤dÉE¦~もの氷ªe´Áを¸び¶Vえてきた¡u¤Ûの½º¡vことタイワンフタオツバメ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º)
である¡C«á¯Íに広がるÂAやかな³½の§Àのような§Îの¨ª´³を携え¡Bタイヤル±Úの¤sªLの¡uÀY¥Ø(マラホ)
¡vの¤ý«aを¸ØらしげにÀ¹く¡Cかつて¡u¤K¦Ê円½º¡vというÉ´説ªºな価値で国»Úªºな収¶°¬Éを¾_¾Ùさせ¡B²{¦bは¥x湾¤j学©ø©ø¦ä学¨tに¥N々¨üけ継がれる³Ì°ªのÀ]宝となっている¡C
もう¤@つは¡B¤j¤Ù¤õ¤s¸sの¥ßち¤Wる´ö·Ïの¤¤に隠された温¬uの¦Ü宝¡B¥_§ë¥Û(ホクトライト)
である¡C¤õ¤sと±j»Ä©Êの渓¬yによる数¤d¦~の¸Õ½mを経て°öわれ¡B¥¼²{¹³フィルムが°¸µM·P¥úしたことによって¡BそのÊ^に·¥·L¶qの©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡uラジウム¡vを¯µめた¯«¯µªºな¯À顔が¸Ñき©úかされた¡C¦a²y¤Wに数¤dºØある鉱ª«の¤¤で¡B°ß¤@¥x湾の¦a¦Wが¥Iけられたµ}¥@の鉱ª«であり¡B¡u¥_§ë¡vの¦Wを¥@¬Éの¬ì学および¦a½è学の辞¨åに¥Ã»·に¨èみ込んだ¡C
これは¡B¥Í©Rの¦Ð¤Æと鉱ª«のµ²´¹が¥X会ったロマンチックなÁÛ°mであり¡B¥x湾の¤g¦aが¥þ¤HÃþにÃØった³Ìも¶Q«な¬ì学と歴¥vのÃØりª«なのである¡C
¡@
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºµo²{ªºÂ²¤¶
¡@

³Ì¦¬ã¨s¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºªº¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Çªº¯À¤ì±o¤@±Ð±Â(1882-1970)
Professor Tokuichi Shiraki (1882¡V1970) of Taihoku
Imperial University, who was the earliest researcher of the Agehana maraho
(Taiwanese broad-tailed swallowtail butterfly)
¥x湾の¡uマルバネアゲハ(タイワンクチバシアゲハ) ¡vを³Ìも¦く¬ã¨sした¡B¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学の¯À¤ì±o¤@(しらき とくいち) ±Ð±Â(1882-1970)

³o±i·Ó¤ù¥X¦Û 2017
¦~°ê¥ß»OÆW³Õª«À]©Ò¥Xª©ªº¾ÉÄý±M®Ñ¡G¡mµo²{»OÆW¡G«³X»OÆW³Õª«¾Ç»P³Õª«¾Ç®aªº¦~¥N¡n¡]Discovering Taiwan: Re-visiting the Age
of Natural History and Naturalists of
Taiwan¡^¡C¦b®Ñ¤¤ªº»OÆW©øÂλP½¹½º½g³¹¤¤¡A¯S§O¥H¡u»OÆW½ºÃþ¤§¤¤¤§¤ý¡v¨Ó§Î®e»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡A¨Ã¤¶²Ð¤F¤éªv®É´Á 1935
¦~¼e§À»ñ½º³Q¥¿¦¡«ü©w¬°¡u¤ÑµM¬ö©Àª«¡vªº¾ú¥v¡A¨Ï¨ä¦¨¬°·í®É¥þ»OÆW°ß¤@¨ü¨ìªk«ß¸T®·«OÅ@ªº©øÂΡC¦¹¥~¡A®Ñ¤¤¥ç¥Z¥X¤F 1935 ¦~ 12 ¤ë 13
¤é¡m»OÆW¤é¤é·s³ø¡nÃö©ó¼e§À»ñ½º³Q«ü©w¬°¤ÑµM¬ö©Àª«ªº¬Ã¶Q¾ú¥v³ø¯È³ø¾É¡C
This photograph originates from the 2017 guidebook
published by the National Taiwan Museum, titled Discovering Taiwan: Re-visiting
the Age of Natural History and Naturalists of Taiwan. In the chapters dedicated
to Taiwanese insects and butterflies, the broad-tailed swallowtail butterfly (Agehana
maraho) is hailed as the "King of Butterflies in Taiwan." The text details its
history during the Japanese colonial period when it was officially designated as
a "Natural Monument" in 1935, making it the only insect in Taiwan at the time
legally protected from capture. Furthermore, the book features a precious
historical newspaper report from the Taiwan Nichinichi Shimpo dated December 13,
1935, covering the announcement of this natural monument designation.
この写¯uは¡B2017¦~に国¥ß¥x湾³Õª«À]が¥Z¦æした¸Ñ説専®Ñ¡y発¨£¥x湾¡G¥x湾³Õª«学と³Õª«学ªÌの®É¥Nを¦A³Xする¡z¡]Discovering Taiwan:
Re-visiting the Age of Natural History and Naturalists of
Taiwan¡^からのものです¡C¥»®Ñの¥x湾の©ø¦äと½ºに関する³¹では¡B¥x湾のフトオアゲハが¡u¥x湾½ºÃþの¤¤の¤ý¡vと称されており¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの1935¦~に¡u¤ÑµM°O©Àª«¡vに¥¿¦¡«ü©wされた歴¥vが²Ð¤¶されています¡Cこれにより¡B当®É¥x湾で°ß¤@¡Bªk«ßで±Ä¶°が¸T¤îされ«OÅ@された©ø¦äとなりました¡Cまた¡B»x±には1935¦~12¤ë13¤é¥Iの¡y¥x湾¤é¤é·s³ø¡zにおける¡Bフトオアゲハの¤ÑµM°O©Àª««ü©wに関する¶Q«な歴¥vªº³ø¹Dも掲¸üされています¡C
³oÓ¦WºÙ´yzªº¬O¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º(¾Ç¦W¡GPapilio maraho,
²§¦W¡GAgehana maraho) ¡C
³o¶µ´yz»P¾Ç¦WI«á¦³µÛ«D±`¸g¨åªº¥xÆW©øÂξǾú¥vI´º¡G
®Ö¤ßª«ºØ¡G¥¦«üªº¬O¥xÆW¯S¦³ªº¤G¯Å«O¨|Ãþ¬Ãµ}½¹½º¡ã¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡C¥¦³Ì¨ã¥Nªí©Êªº¯S¼x¬O«á¯Í¨ã¦³¼e¤jªº§À¬ð, ¥B¯S§O¦a¦³¨â±ø¯Í¯ß³e¬ï, ¦b¥þ¥@¬É©Ò¦³»ñ½º¤¤,
¥u¦³¥¦»P¤¤°ê¤j³°ªº¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º¾Ö¦³¦¹¯S¼x, ¦]¦¹¦³¡u°ê½º¡v¤§¬üÅA¡C
1932¦~©R¦W¥Ñ¨Ó(Shiraki & Sonan) , ³o°¦¬Ãµ}ªº½¹½ºº«×¦b©yÄõ«n¿D³Q±Ä¶°µo²{¡CÀH«á¥Ñ¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Çªº¯À¤ì±o¤@(Tokuichi Shiraki)
±Ð±Â»P¨ä§U¤â·¡«n¤¯³Õ(Jinhaku Sonan) ©ó1934¦~¦@¦Pµoªí©R¦W, ¨Ã¥H®õ¶®±Ú»y¤¤¥NªíÀY¥Ø¡B©ªøªº¡umaraho¡v§@¬°¨äºØ¤p¦W¡C
¥¤sצ¸¦»P¼e§À»ñ½ºÄÝ(Agehana) ¡G¤é¥»µÛ¦W©øÂξǮa¥¤sצ¸¦¦b¨äµÛ§@(¦p¡mì¦â¤dºØ©øÂιÏÃСnµ¥) ¤¤´¿®i¥Ü¨Ã¦¬¿ý¥xÆWªº¬Ãµ}©øÂΡC¦´Á¤ÀÃþ¾Ç¤W,
¬ì¾Ç®a(¦pªQ§øªQ¦~) »{¬°¥¦ªº«á¯Íµ²ºc¤Ó¹L¿W¯S, À³¸Ó¿W¥ß¦¨¤@Ó¡u¼e§À»ñ½ºÄÝ(Agehana) ¡v, ¦]¦¹¦b¹L¥h«Üªø¤@¬q®É¶¡, ¥¦ªº¾Ç¦W³£³Q¼g§@ Agehana
maraho¡CÁöµM²{¥N°ò¦]©w§Ç¤wÃҹꥦÂkÄÝ©ó»ñ½ºÄÝ(Papilio) , ¦ý Agehana ¤´¬O¤@Ó«D±`«nªº¾ú¥v²§¦W»P¨ÈÄÝ¥NºÙ¡C

Introduction to the Discovery of the
Taiwanese Broad-tailed Swallowtail
This name
describes the Taiwanese Broad-tailed Swallowtail (scientific name: Papilio
maraho, synonym: Agehana maraho).
This description and its scientific name carry a highly classic historical
background in Taiwanese entomology:
Core Species: It refers to Taiwan's endemic, Grade II protected rare
butterfly¡Xthe Taiwanese Broad-tailed Swallowtail. Its most iconic feature is the
broad tail-like extension on its hindwings, which is uniquely traversed by two
wing veins. In the entire world, only this species and the Chinese Broad-tailed
Swallowtail share this distinct characteristic, earning it the prestigious
reputation of Taiwan's "National Butterfly."
Origin of the 1932 Naming (Shiraki & Sonan): This rare butterfly was first
collected and discovered in Nan'ao, Yilan. Subsequently, Professor Tokuichi
Shiraki and his assistant Jinhaku Sonan from Taihoku Imperial University jointly
published and named the species in 1934. They used "maraho," the Atayal word for
"chief" or "leader," as its specific epithet.
Shujiro Hirayama and the Genus Agehana: The renowned Japanese entomologist
Shujiro Hirayama featured and recorded rare insects of Taiwan in his
publications, such as Illustrated 1,000 Insects in Color. In early taxonomy,
scientists like Shounen Matsumura believed its hindwing structure was too
unique, warranting its independence into a separate genus, Agehana.
Consequently, for a long time in the past, its scientific name was written as
Agehana maraho. Although modern gene sequencing has confirmed that it belongs to
the genus Papilio, Agehanaremains a highly significant historical synonym and
subgeneric designation.

³o¶¤º®e¥X¦Û1938¦~10¤ë¥Xª©ªº¡mÂΤ§¥@¬É¡n(¡yÂÎの¥@¬É¡z) ²Ä1¨÷²Ä3´Á(¡u1:42¡v¥Nªí²Ä1¨÷²Ä42¶)
¡C¸Ó¶±®i¥Ü¤F¥Ñ¤é¥»©øÂξǮa¥¤sצ¸¦©Ò¥D¿ìªº¤é¥»¬Ãµ}½¹½ºÂø»x¤¤, Ãö©ó¥xÆW¯S¦³ºØ¼e§À»ñ½º(¾Ç¦W¡GAgehana maraho) ªº¬Ã¶Q¤åÄm°O¸ü¡C
This page is from the October 1938 issue of "The
World of Insects" (¡yÂÎの¥@¬É¡z), Volume 1, No. 3 (where "1:42" denotes Volume 1, Page
42). The content showcases a precious documentary record of the Maraho
swallowtail (Agehana maraho), an endemic butterfly species of Taiwan, featured
in a rare Japanese butterfly magazine published by the Japanese entomologist
Shujiro Hirayama.
このページは¡B1938¦~10¤ëに¥Z¦æされた¡yÂÎの¥@¬É¡z²Ä1巻²Ä3号(¡u1:42¡vは²Ä1巻42ページを«üす)
からのものです¡Cこの内®eは¡B¤é¥»の©ø¦ä学ªÌである¥¤sצ¸¦¤óが¥D®_した¤é¥»の¬Ã½º雑»xにおいて¡B¥x湾©T¦³ºØである¡uワタリカラスアゲハ(アゲハナ・マラホ)
¡v(学¦W¡GAgehana maraho) に関する¶Q«な¤å献°O録が掲¸üされている様¤lを¥Üしています¡C
¡@
タイワンカラスアゲハ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º) 発¨£の·§n
この¦W称は¡Bタイワンカラスアゲハ(学¦W¡GPapilio maraho¡Bシノニム¡GAgehana maraho)
を«üしています¡C
この°Ozと学¦WのI´ºには¡B¥x湾の©ø¦ä学における«D±`に¥j¨åªºな歴¥vが¯µめられています¡G
®Ö¤ßとなるºØ¡Gこれは¥x湾©T¦³の²Ä¤GºØ(§Æ¤Ö³¥¥Í°Ê´Óª«)
«OÅ@対¶Hである¶Q«な½º¡Bタイワンカラスアゲハを«üします¡C³Ìも¥Nªíªºな¯S徴は¡B«á¯Íにある´T広の§À状¬ð°_であり¡B¯Sに2¥»の¯Í¯ßがそこを³e³qしている点です¡C¥@¬É¤¤のすべてのアゲハチョウの¤¤で¡Bこの¯S徴を«ùつのは¥»ºØと¤¤国¤j³°のシナトガリバアゲハ(¤¤µØ寛§À»ñ½º)
のみであり¡Bそのため¡u国½º¡vという¬ü称を«ùっています¡C
1932¦~の©R¦Wの¥Ñ来(Shiraki & Sonan) ¡Gこの§Æ¤Öな½ºは¡B©yÄõ県«n¿Dでªìめて±Ä¶°・発¨£されました¡Cその«á¡B¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学の¯À¤ì±o¤@(Tokuichi
Shiraki) ±Ð±Âとその§U¤âである·¡«n¤¯³Õ(Jinhaku Sonan)
により1934¦~に¦@¦Pで©R¦W・発ªíされ¡Bタイヤル±Úの¨¥¸で¡uÀY¥Ø¡vや¡uºªø¡vを·N¨ýする¡umaraho¡vがºØ¤p¦WとしてÉOえられました¡C
¥¤sצ¸¦とフトオアゲハ属(Agehana) ¡G¤é¥»の°ª¦Wな©ø¦ä学ªÌである¥¤sצ¸¦は¡BそのµÛ®Ñ(¡yì¦â¤dºØ©ø¦ä図ÃСzなど)
の¤¤で¥x湾の§Æ¤Öな©ø¦äを²Ð¤¶・収録しました¡Cªì´Áの¤ÀÃþ学において¡B¬ì学ªÌ(ªQ§øªQ¦~など) はその«á¯Íのºc³yがあまりにも独¯Sであるため¡B独¥ßした¡uフトオアゲハ属(Agehana)
¡vにするべきだと¦Òえました¡Cそのため¡B¹L¥hのªøい¶¡¡Bその学¦Wは Agehana maraho
とªí°Oされていました¡C²{¥Nの¿òÉ´¤lシーケンシングにより¡B¥»ºØがアゲハ属(Papilio) に属することがµý©úされましたが¡BAgehana
は¤µなお«D±`に«nな歴¥vªºシノニムおよび亜属の¥N称として残っています¡C
¡@
1932¦~»OÆW¹Ú¤Û¤§½ºªºµo²{
¡@

©yÄõ¹AªL¾Ç®Õ®v¥ÍªºÅå³ß¦¬Ã¬1932¦~7¤ë¤¤¦¯, ©yÄõ¹AªL¾Ç®Õªº¥Íª«¦Ñ®v¹a¤ì§Q¤@(¹Ï¤¤¤¤¥¡§¤¤UªÌ) ²v»â¾Ç¥Í, ²Ä¥|¦¸«e©¹¯Q´U¤l¤sºt²ßªL±Ä¶°©øÂμХ»¡C´Á¶¡,
¥L»P¨â¦ì©m¦W¥¼°O¸üªº¾Ç¥Í, ¦X¤O®·±o¤F¤@°¦¹L¥h±q¥¼¬Ý¹Lªº¤j»ñ½º¡C
A Surprise Discovery by Faculty and Students of
Yilan Agricultural and Forestry SchoolIn mid-July 1932, Riichi Suzuki (seated in
the center), a biology teacher at Yilan Agricultural and Forestry School, led
his students to the Eboshizan demonstration forest for their fourth insect
specimen collection trip. During the expedition, he and two unnamed students
worked together to capture a massive swallowtail butterfly, a species never seen
before.
©yÄõ¹AªL学®Õの®v¥ÍによるÅåきの発¨£1932¦~7¤ë¤¤¦¯¡B©yÄõ¹AªL学®Õの³Õª«(¥Íª«) ±Ð®vである¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤ó(¤¤¥¡に®yっている¤Hª«)
は¡B¥Í®{たちを²vいて¯Q´U¤l¤sºt²ßªLへ4¦^¥Øとなる©ø¦ä¼Ð¥»±Ä¶°に¥Xかけました¡Cその»Ú¡B¹a¤ì¤óは¤ó¦W¤£¸Ôの¥Í®{2¦Wとともに¡Bそれまで½Öも¨£たことがない¤j«¬のアゲハチョウを¦@¦Pで®·Àòしました¡C
»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º»P1932¦~ªº¥@¬ö¤jµo²{¦b»OÆWªº©øÂάɤ¤, ¦³¤@ºØ½¹½º¦]¨äµ´¬ü¡Bµ}¦³»P¿W¯Sªº¬ì¾Ç»ùÈ, ³Q«a¤W¤F¡u°ê½º¡v»P¡u¹Ú¤Û¤§½º¡vªº¬üÅA,
´N¬O»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º(Agehana maraho) ¡C³o¬q¶Ç©_¬G¨Æªº°_ÂI, n°l·¹¦^1932¦~®L¤Ñªº¤@³õ¾ú¥v©Ê±Ä¶°¡C
1932¦~7¤ë, ¥ô¾©ó©yÄõ¹AªL¾Ç®Õ(¤µ°ê¥ß©yÄõ¤j¾Ç) ªº¤éÄy±Ð®v¹a¤ì§Q¤@, «e©¹²{¤µ©yÄõ¿¤¤j¦P¶mªº¿W¥ß¤s(¯Q´U¤l¦a°Ï) ¶i¦æ©øÂαͰ¡C¦bZ±Kªº´ËªL¤¤,
¥L®·Àò¤F¤@°¦¥~«¬«e©Ò¥¼¨£ªº¶¯©Ê»ñ½º¡C³o°¦¬Ã¶Qªº¶¯½º¼Ð¥»ÀH«á¥æµ¹¤F·í®É»OÆWÁ`·þ©²¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s©ÒªºµÛ¦W©øÂξǮa¯À¤ì±o¤@¡C¯À¤ì±Ð±Â±Ó¾U¦a¹îı¨ì³o·¥¥i¯à¬O¥þ·sªºª«ºØ¡C¬°¤F¶i¤@¨BÃÒ¹ê,
¯À¤ì±o¤@©ó¹j¦~(1933¦~) 5¤ë¿Ë¦Û²v¶¤«ªð©yÄõ¿W¥ß¤s, ¨Ã¦¨¥\±Ä¶°¨ì²Ä¤G°¦¶¯½º¼Ð¥»¡C
1934¦~, ¯À¤ì±o¤@»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ¦@¦Pµoªí¤F³oÓ·sª«ºØ, ¨Ã±N¹a¤ì§Q¤@©ó1932¦~±Ä¶°ªº²Ä¤@°¦¶¯½º«ü©w¬°ªþ¼Ò¼Ð¥»(Paratype) ,
¥¿¦¡¦V¥@¬É«Å§i¤F³o°¦¡u°ê½º¡vªº¦s¦b¡C
¬ã¨s¾ú¥v®É¶¡½u¦p¤U¡G
1932¦~7¤ë ¹a¤ì§Q¤@©ó©yÄõ¿W¥ß¤s±Ä¶°º°¦¶¯½º(«á¨Óªºªþ¼Ò¼Ð¥») ¡C
1933¦~5¤ë ¯À¤ì±o¤@«ªð¦P¦a, ±Ä¶°¥t¤@°¦¶¯½º¼Ð¥»¡C
1934¦~¯À¤ì±o¤@»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ¦@¦P©R¦Wµoªí»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡C
»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¤§©Ò¥H¾_Åå°ê»Ú©øÂξǬÉ, ¥Dn¦b©ó¥¦¿W¤@µL¤Gªº¨Åéºc³y, ¼e¤jªº§Àª¬¬ð°_, ¤@¯ë»ñ½ºªº§À¬ð¥u¦³¤@±ø¯Í¯ß³e¬ï, ¦Ó¼e§À»ñ½ºªº§À¬ð¯S§O¼e¤j,
¤º³¡³º¦³¨â±ø¯Í¯ß(²Ä¤T¡B¥|Áa¯ß) ³e¬ï, ³o¬Oºt¤Æ¥v¤Wªº©_ÂÝ¡C
¦³»¡³o½ººØ¬°»OÆW¯S¦³¦Bªe¤m¿ò¡ã¼e§À»ñ½ºÄÝ(Agehana) ¦b»OÆWªº¯S¦³«~ºØ, ¥þ²y¶È¦¹¤@ÄÝ¨âºØ, ¥t¤@ºØ¬°¤¤°ê¤º³°ªº¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º,
¬Ò¦³¨ã¦³·¥°ªªº¾Ç³N¬ã¨s»ùÈ¡C
»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¥®´Ï±H¥D
³oºØ¯S§Oªº½¹½º»P»OÆW檫¾ð, ¦³µÛ¥Í¦º¬Û¨ÌÃö«Y, ¤]¬OÄÝ©ó¤@ºØ¦Bªe¤m¿ò´Óª«, »OÆW檫¾ð, ¥¦ÌÃö«Yºò±K¬Û³s¡C¼e§À»ñ½ºªº¥®Âη¥«×¡u¬D¹¡v,
»OÆW檫¾ð¬O¥¦Ì°ß¤@ªº±H¥D´Óª«¡C¥Ñ©ó»OÆW檫¾ðÄݩ󶧩ʥýÅX´Óª«, »Ýn¦b¤j±¿n±Y¶ò¦a©Î¤õ¨a«áªº¶}Áï¦a¤~¯à¨}¦nµoªÞ,
³o¾ÉP檫¾ðªL¦b¦ÛµMºt´À¤U®e©ö³Q¨ä¥L¾ðºØ¨ú¥N¡CÀHµÛ±H¥D´Óª«ªº´î¤Ö»P´Ï¦a¯}Ãa, »OÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºªº¼Æ¶q«æ¼@¤U·Æ, ¥Ø«e¤w³Q¦C¬°¤@¯ÅÃxÁ{µ´ºØ«O¨|Ãþ³¥¥Í°Êª«¡C
±q1932¦~¹a¤ì§Q¤@¦b©yÄõ¿W¥ß¤s´§¤U®·Âκôªº¨º¤@¨è°_,
»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º´Nµù©w¦¨¬°»OÆW¦ÛµM¥v¤¤³ÌÄ£²´ªº¤@¶¡C¦p¤µ¬ì¾Ç¬É»PªL°È³æ¦ì¥¿³z¹L¤H¤u´_¨|»OÆW檫¾ð¡B«Ø¥ß«OÅ@°Ïµ¥¤è¦¡,
§V¤O®¾¯d³o¹D¦b³·¤s¤s¯ß»P¤¤¥¡¤s¯ßªL¶¡°{Ä£ªº¬õ¦â©t¼v, Åý³o¬q¶Ç©_¯à¤@¥N¥N¦b»OÆWªº¤sªL¶¡Ä~Äò¸»R¡C
¡@
The Discovery of Taiwan's Mythical
Butterfly in 1932
In
Taiwan's entomological world, a certain butterfly is hailed as the "National
Butterfly" and the "Mythical Butterfly" due to its breathtaking beauty, rarity,
and unique scientific value. This is the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail (Agehana
maraho). The origins of this legendary tale trace back to a historic collection
expedition in the summer of 1932.
In July 1932, Riichi Suzuki, a Japanese teacher at the Yilan School of
Agriculture and Forestry (now National Yilan University), went to Mount Duli
(the Wumaozi area) in today's Datong Township, Yilan County, to collect insects.
Amid the dense forest, he captured a male swallowtail butterfly with an
appearance never seen before. This precious male specimen was later handed to
Tokuichi Shiraki, a renowned entomologist at the Central Research Institute of
the Taiwan Governor-General's Office. Professor Shiraki keenly sensed that this
was highly likely a brand-new species. To confirm this, Shiraki personally led
an expedition back to Yilan's Mount Duli in May of the following year (1933) and
successfully collected a second male specimen.
In 1934, Tokuichi Shiraki and Jinhaku Sonan jointly published this new species.
They designated the first male butterfly collected by Riichi Suzuki in 1932 as
the paratype, officially announcing the existence of this "National Butterfly"
to the world.
Research History Timeline:
July 1932: Riichi Suzuki collects the first male butterfly (later designated as
the paratype) at Mount Duli, Yilan.
May 1933: Tokuichi Shiraki returns to the same location and collects another
male specimen.
1934: Tokuichi Shiraki and Jinhaku Sonan jointly name and publish the Taiwan
Broad-tailed Swallowtail.
The reason the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail shocked the international
entomological community lies primarily in its unique anatomy¡Xspecifically, its
broad tail-like extensions. While typical swallowtail butterflies have only a
single wing vein running through their tail extension, the broad-tailed
swallowtail features an exceptionally wide tail extension running with two wing
veins (the 3rd and 4th longitudinal veins). This is considered an evolutionary
miracle.
It is said that this butterfly is a glacial relict unique to Taiwan. The genus
Agehana contains only two species worldwide: the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail
and the Chinese Broad-tailed Swallowtail (Agehana elwesi) native to inland
China. Both hold immense academic and research value.
Larval Host of the Taiwan Broad-Tailed Swallowtail
This extraordinary butterfly shares a life-and-death bond with the Taiwan
Sassafras (Sassafras randaiense), which is also a glacial relict plant. Their
existences are intricately intertwined. The larvae of the broad-tailed
swallowtail are extremely picky eaters, feeding exclusively on the Taiwan
Sassafras as their sole host plant. Because the Taiwan Sassafras is a sun-loving
pioneer species, its seeds germinate successfully only in open areas created by
large-scale landslides or forest fires. Consequently, through natural forest
succession, sassafras forests are easily replaced by other tree species. Due to
the decline of its host plant and habitat destruction, the population of the
Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail has plummeted dramatically. It is currently
listed as a Category I "Endangered" protected wildlife species.
From the exact moment Riichi Suzuki swung his butterfly net at Yilan's Mount
Duli in 1932, the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail was destined to become the
most dazzling chapter in Taiwan's natural history. Today, the scientific
community and forestry authorities are striving to preserve this flashing red
shadow of the Hsuehshan and Central Mountain Ranges through artificial
propagation of the Taiwan Sassafras and the establishment of protected areas,
ensuring that this legendary flight continues for generations to come in
Taiwan's forests.
1932¦~¥x湾の¡u¤Ûの½º¡vの発¨£
¥x湾の©ø¦ä¬Éにおいて¡Bその圧˪ºな¬üしさ¡B§Æ¤Ö©Ê¡Bそして独¦Ûの¬ì学ªº価値から¡u国½º¡vや¡u¤Ûの½º¡vと称えられる½ºがいます¡Cそれが¥x湾©T¦³ºØのフトオアゲハ(Agehana
maraho¡þ¥x湾¦W¡G»OÆW¼e§À»ñ½º) です¡CこのÉ´説ªºなª«»yの©lまりは¡B1932¦~®Lに¦æわれた歴¥vªºな±Ä¶°にまで遡ります¡C
1932¦~7¤ë¡B©yÄõ¹AªL学®Õ(²{¦bの国¥ß©yÄõ¤j学) に¶Ô°Èしていた¤é¥»¤H±Ð®v¡B¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤óは¡B²{¦bの©yÄõ県¤j¦P郷にある独¥ß¤s(¯Q´U¤l¦a区)
へ©ø¦ä±Ä¶°に¥Xかけました¡C¥ÍいZるì¥ÍªLの¤¤で¡B¤óはこれまでに¨£たこともない«ºをしたオスの Having(アゲハチョウ)
を®·Àòしました¡Cこの¶Q«なオスÓÊ^の¼Ð¥»は¡B当®Éの¥x湾総·þ©²¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s©ÒのµÛ¦Wな©ø¦ä学ªÌ¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@(しらき とくいち)
±Ð±Âのもとへと´çりました¡C¯À¤ì±Ð±Âは¡Bこれが·sºØである¥i¯à©Êが·¥めて°ªいとª½·Pしました¡Cそれをさらにµý©úするため¡B¯À¤ì±Ð±Âは²Ý¦~(1933¦~)
5¤ëに¦Ûら½Õ査¶¤を²vいて©yÄõの独¥ß¤sを¦A³Xし¡B¨£¨Æ2ÀY¥Øとなるオスの¼Ð¥»を±Ä¶°することに¦¨¥\したのです¡C
そして1934¦~¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@±Ð±Âは·¡«n¤¯³Õ(そなん じんはく)
¤óと¦@にこの·sºØを発ªíしました¡C¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤óが1932¦~に±Ä¶°した³ÌªìのオスÓÊ^は¡uパラタイプ(°Æ¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»)
¡vに«ü©wされ¡Bこの¡u国½º¡vの¦s¦bが¥¿¦¡に¥@¬Éへと»ïりÅTきました¡C
¬ã¨s歴¥vタイムライン¡G
1932¦~7¤ë¡G ¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤óが©yÄõの独¥ß¤sで³ÌªìのオスÓÊ^(のちのパラタイプ) を±Ä¶°¡C
1933¦~5¤ë¡G ¯À¤ì±o¤@±Ð±Âが¦P¦aを¦A³Xし¡Bもう1ÀYのオス¼Ð¥»を±Ä¶°¡C
1934¦~¡G ¯À¤ì±o¤@¤óと·¡«n¤¯³Õ¤óが¦@¦Pで¡uフトオアゲハ¡vを©R¦W・発ªí¡C
フトオアゲハが¥@¬Éの©ø¦ä学¬Éに¤jきな½Ä撃をÉOえた²z¥Ñは¡Bその°ß¤@µL¤Gの¨Ê^ºc³yにあります¡C³Ì¤jの¯S徴は¡Bその¦Wの³qり´T広く¤jきな¡u§À状¬ð°_¡vです¡C³q±`のアゲハチョウの§À¬ðには¯Í¯ß(¯ß)
が1¥»しか³qっていませんが¡Bフトオアゲハの§À¬ðは«D±`に´T広く¡Bその内³¡にはなんと2¥»の¯Í¯ß(²Ä3・²Ä4縦¯ß)
が³qっています¡Cこれは¶i¤Æの歴¥vにおいて©_¸ñとも¨¥えるºc³yです¡C
¥»ºØは¡B¥x湾における¡u氷ªe´Áの¥Íき残り(¿ò¦sºØ) ¡vと¨¥われています¡Cフトオアゲハ属(Agehana)
は¥@¬Éでわずか1属2ºØしか¦s¦bせず¡B¥x湾のフトオアゲハのほかには¡B¤¤国内³°³¡に¥Í®§するシナフトオアゲハ(Agehana elwesi)
のみであり¡Bどちらも·¥めて°ªい学³Nªº¬ã¨s価値を«ùっています¡C
フトオアゲハの¥®¦äの±H¥D´Óª«
この¯S§Oな½ºは¡B¦Pじく氷ªe´Áの¿ò¦s´Óª«である¡uタイワンササフラス(¥x湾檫¾ð)
¡vと¡B¤å¦r³qり¥Í¦ºを¦@にする±K±µな関«Yにあります¡Cフトオアゲハの¥®¦äは·¥めて¡u°¾¹¡vであり¡Bこのタイワンササフラスだけを°ß¤@の±H¥D´Óª«(エサ)
とします¡Cしかし¡Bタイワンササフラスは¶§¾ðの¥ý駆´Óª«(パイオニアºØ)
であるため¡B¤j³W¼Òな±Y¸¨¸ñ¦aや¤s¤õ¨Æの«áの¶}けた¤g¦aでなければうまく発ªÞできません¡Cそのため¡B¦ÛµMの¾E²¾によって´Ëが¦¨¼ôしていくと¡B¥Lの¾ðºØに駆³vされやすい©Ê½èがあります¡C±H¥D´Óª«の´î¤Öや¥Í®§¦aの¯}壊に¦ñい¡BフトオアゲハのÓÊ^数は¿E´î¡C²{¦bは¡B¥x湾の¡u²Ä¤@¯Å絶·À¦M惧³¥¥Í°Êª«(国内§Æ¤Ö³¥¥Í°Ê´Óª«ºØに¬Û当)
¡vに«ü©wされています¡C
1932¦~¡B¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤óが©yÄõの独¥ß¤sで®·¦äºôを®¶るったそのÀþ¶¡から¡Bフトオアゲハは¥x湾の¦ÛµM¥vにおいて³Ìも½÷かしい¤@ページを¨èむ¹B©Rにありました¡C²{¦b¡B¬ì学¬Éや´ËªL¦æ¬F(²{¦bのªL·~¤Î¦ÛµM«O¨|¸p)
は¡Bタイワンササフラスの¤H¤u´_¤¸や«OÅ@区の³]¸mなどを³qじて¡B³·¤s¤s¯ßや¤¤¥¡¤s¯ßの²`い´ËをÂAやかに»Rう¡u¨ªい©t¼v¡vを¦uるため¡BÄa©Rな¨úり²Õみを続けています¡Cこの¬üしいÉ´説の½ºが¡Bこれからも¥x湾の¤s々で¥@¥Nを¶Wえて»Rい続けられるように¡C
¡@
¤K¦Ê¶ê¤Û¤§°ê½º

¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¦b©µ³®¬ì¾Çºî¦X«Ç ,
ªø®É¶¡¦b½ºÃþ¼Ð¥»®i¥Ü½c¤º, »P¨ä¥L¬ÛÃþ¦üªº«~ºØ§@¹ï¤ñ©Ê®i¥Ü, ¦ý¦]¨ä¬Ã¶Qªºì¦], ¤w¸g¿W¥ß«O¦s¡C
The Taiwanese Broad-tailed Swallowtail (Papilio
maraho) was kept in Acta Scientrium Ngensis for a long time inside a butterfly
specimen display case, where it was exhibited alongside other similar species
for comparative purposes; however, due to its precious nature, it has now been
preserved independently.
¥x湾産のワタリカラスアゲハは¡B©µ³®¬ì¾Çºî¦X«Çにおいてªø¦~¡B½ºの¼Ð¥»®i¥Üケース内で¥LのÃþ¦üºØと¨Ãべて¤ñ¸û®i¥Üされていましたが¡Bその§Æ¤Ö©Êと¶Q«さゆえに¡B²{¦bはÓ§Oに独¥ß«O¦sされています¡C
¡@
¤Û¤§°ê½º¡GºÖº¸¼¯¨Fªº¡u¤K¦Ê¶ê¡v®öº©¶Ç©_
¦b¤G¤Q¥@¬öªìªººÖº¸¼¯¨F(Formosa) , ¨º¬O¤@Ó®qÀ¬°gÃú¥¼´²¡Bì©l´ËªL¤´³Qµø¬°ÆZ¯î¤§¹Òªº¦~¥N¡C·í®Éªº¥xÆW,
¥¿¬O°ê»Ú©øÂξǬɲ´¤¤³Ì¬°ª¥¤â¥i¼öªº±´ÀI¤Ñ°ó¡C¦b¨ºÓÄÝ©ó³Õª«¾ÇªÌªº¶Àª÷·³¤ë¸Ì, ¤é¥»¬ì¾Ç®aÌÃh´¢µÛ¹ï¥¼ª¾¥Íª«ªº¨g¼ö,
«e¤²«áÄ~¦a½ñ¤J³o®y°ª¤s®qÀ¬ªºÆ{½µ²`³B¡C¦Ó¦b³oµL¼Æªºµo²{¤¤, ³Ì¨ã¦³¶Ç©_¦â±m¡B¬Æ¦Ü±aµÛ¤@µ·°ß¬ü»P®öº©±¡½Õªº,
²ö¹L©ó¨º°¦¦b¶³Ãú·¶ªº°wÁ︲V¦XªL¤¤½¡½¡°_»Rªº¶Â«G¨¼v¡ã¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º(¾Ç¦W¡GPapilio maraho, ¹L¥h¥çºÙ Agehana maraho)
¡C³o¤£¥u¬O¤@°¦½¹½ºªºµo²{¥v, §ó¬O¤@¬q¥æÂ´µÛ¤j¯è®ü®É¥N¾lÃý¡B¤éªv®É´Á«Ò°ê¾Ç³N¨¤¤O, ¥H¤ÎºÖº¸¼¯¨F¤sªL¯«¸Üªº®öº©¥v¸Ö¡C
±KªL¤¤ªºº«×ÁÛ°m¡ã±q¡u¹Ú¤Û¤§½º¡v¨ì¯À¤ì»P·¡«nªºÁp¦Wµoªí
¤éªv®É´Áªº¥xÆWÁ`·þ©², ¬°¤F¶}µo¤sªL¸ê·½»P¶i¦æ¾Ç³N´Þ¥Á, ¤j¤O±À°Ê¥Íª«¬Û½Õ¬d¡C1932¦~7¤ë, ¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç(²{¥xÆW¤j¾Ç)
ªº©øÂξDZб¯À¤ì±o¤@(Tokuichi Shiraki) , ¥¿²v»âµÛ¬ã¨s¹Î¶¤¦b©yÄõ¯Q¥Û»ó»P«n¿D¤@±a¶i¦æ¼Ð¥»±Ä¶°¡C¦b¨º³õ»P¼É·«B¡BÀI®m¤s¹D·i°«ªº»·©º¤¤,
¹Î¶¤¤¤ªº§U¤â·¡«n¤¯³Õ(Jinhaku Sonan) ¦b³Ù¾xªº·Ë¨¦®Ç, °¸µM¿h¨£¤F¤@°¦ºÓ¤jµLªB¡B°{Ã{µÛ¯«¯¦·L¥úªº¶Â¦â»ñ½º¡C¥¦³Ì¤Þ¤Hª`¥Øªº,
¬O«á¯Í¨º¼e¤j±o¶W¥G±`²zªº§À¬ð, §À¬ð¤W§ó·w¬VµÛ¦p±áÄf¯ë©úÆvªº³½§Àª¬¬õ´³¡C·í³o°¦½¹½º¦b¼Ð¥»ºô¤¤»´»´©ç°Ê¯Í»H®É, ¥þ³õ¾Ç¬Éºë^µL¤£«Ì®§¡C
³o¤£¶È¶È¬O¤@Ó·sª«ºØªº½Ï¥Í, §ó¬O©øÂΤÀÃþ¾Ç¤Wªº¾_¾Ù¼u¡C¹L¥h, ¬ì¾Ç¬É´¶¹M»{¬°³oºØ¡u«á¯Í¦³¨â±ø¯Í¯ß³e¬ï§À¬ð¡vªº©_¯Sºt¤Æ,
¥u¦s¦b©ó¤¤°ê¤j³°ªº¡u¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º¡v¨¤W¡C¥xÆW¼Ð¥»ªº¥X²{, ÃÒ¹ê¤F³o®y©t®q¦b¦Bªe®É´Á»P¥j¦Ñ³°¶ô¬Û³sªººt¤Æy¸ñ¡C1934¦~,
¯À¤ì±o¤@»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ¦@¦P±N³o°¦¡u¤Û¤§»ñ½º¡vµoªí©ó¥@¡C

¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º
Papilio maraho (Shiraki & Sonan), 1934
: ¥¿±/Dorsal view /ªí±(おもてめん / ひょうめん)
The Eight-Hundred Yen "Phantom National
Butterfly"
The Phantom National Butterfly: The Romantic Legend of Formosa's
"Eight-Hundred Yen"
In the early 20th century, Formosa was an island where the mists had yet to
clear, and its primeval forests were still regarded as untamed wilderness. At
that time, Taiwan was the most sought-after paradise for exploration in the eyes
of the international entomological community. During that golden age of
naturalists, Japanese scientists, fueled by a fanaticism for undiscovered
creatures, ventured one after another into the lush, deep recesses of this
mountainous island. Among countless discoveries, the most legendary¡Xand perhaps
the most beautiful and romantic¡Xwas the shiny black figure dancing through the
misty mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests: the Taiwanese Broad-tailed
Swallowtail (scientific name: Papilio maraho, formerly also known as Agehana
maraho). This is not merely the history of a butterfly's discovery; it is a
romantic epic interwoven with the lingering echoes of the Age of Discovery, the
imperial academic rivalries of the Japanese colonial period, and the mountain
myths of Formosa.
First Encounter in the Dense Forest: From "Dream Butterfly" to
the Joint Publication by Shiraki and Sonan
To develop mountain resources and carry out academic colonization, the
government-general of Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period vigorously
promoted biodiversity surveys. In July 1932, Tokuichi Shiraki, an entomology
professor at Taihoku Imperial University (now National Taiwan University), was
leading his research team on a specimen collection expedition around Wushibi and
Nan'ao in Yilan. During that trek, which involved battling storms and
treacherous mountain paths, assistant Jinhaku Sonan spotted a colossal,
mysterious, glimmering black swallowtail near a bustling stream valley. Its most
striking feature was the absurdly wide tail-like extension on its hindwings,
which was flushed with a bright, fishtail-shaped red patch resembling the glow
of dawn. When this butterfly gently fluttered its wings inside the specimen net,
the elite scientists present held their collective breath.
This was
not just the birth of a new species; it was a bombshell in insect taxonomy.
Previously, the scientific community generally believed that this peculiar
evolution¡Xwhere two wing veins traverse the tail extension¡Xexisted only in the
Chinese Broad-tailed Swallowtail of mainland China. The appearance of the
Taiwanese specimen proved the evolutionary trajectory of this isolated island,
confirming its connection to the ancient landmass during the Ice Age. In 1934,
Tokuichi Shiraki and Jinhaku Sonan jointly introduced this "Phantom Swallowtail"
to the world.
¡@

¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º
Papilio maraho (Shiraki & Sonan), 1934
: ¤Ï±/Ventral view /ùر(うらめん)
¤K¦Ê円の¡u¤Ûの国½º¡v
¤Ûの国½º¡Gフォルモサにおける¡u¤K¦Ê円¡vのロマンあふれるÉ´説
20¥@¬öªìÀYのフォルモサ(¥x湾)
は¡B®qを¥]むÃúがまだ´¸れやらず¡Bì¥ÍªLが¥¼だに¥¼¶}の¦aと¨£なされていた®É¥Nであった¡C当®Éの¥x湾は¡B国»Úªºな©ø¦ä学¬Éの¥Øには¡B³Ìも¼öいª`¥Øを¶°める±´検のパラダイスと¬Mっていた¡C³Õª«学ªÌたちの黄ª÷´Áとも¨¥えるその®É¥N¡B¥¼ª¾の¥Íª«への¨g¼öを¯Ýに©êいた¤é¥»の¬ì学ªÌたちは¡Bこの°ª¤s®qのÆ{»aとした奥¦aへと¦¸々に¨¬を½ñみ¤Jれていった¡CµL数の発¨£の¤¤で¡B³ÌもÉ´説ªºであり¡Bどこか°ß¬üªºでロマンチックな±¡ºüさえº}わせるものといえば¡B¶³Ãúが¥ßち込める°w広²V¥æªLの¤¤でひらひらと»Rっていた¡Bあの黒く½÷く«º¡X¡Xタイワンカラスアゲハ(学¦W¡GPapilio
maraho¡B¹L¥hには Agehana maraho ともªí°O)
にほかならない¡Cこれは単なる¤@¤Çの½ºの発¨£¥vではなく¡B¤j¯è®ü®É¥Nの§EÃý¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの«Ò国の学³Nªº¨¤³v¡Bそしてフォルモサの¤sªL¯«¸Üが´りなすロマンチックな叙¨Æ¸Öなのである¡C
±KªLでの³ÌªìのÁÛ°m¡G¡u¹Úの½º¡vから¯À¤ìと·¡«nによる³s¦W発ªíへ
¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥x湾総·þ©²は¡B¤sªL¸ê·½の¶}発と学³Nªº´Ó¥Á¦a¤Æを¶iめるため¡B¥Íª«¬Ûの½Õ査を±j¤Oに±Àし¶iめていた¡C1932¦~7¤ë¡B¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学(²{・¥x湾¤j学)
の©ø¦ä学±Ð±Âであった¯À¤ì±o¤@(Tokuichi Shiraki)
は¡B¬ã¨sチームを²vいて©yÄõの¯Q¥Û»óや«n¿Dの¤@帯で¼Ð¥»±Ä¶°を¦æっていた¡C¼É·«Bや険しい¤s¹Dとの闘いとなったその»·©ºの³Ì¤¤¡Bチームの§U¤âであった·¡«n¤¯³Õ(Jinhaku
Sonan)
は¡B¤ôµのÅTく渓¨¦の³Äらで¡B¯«¯µªºな·L¥úを©ñつ¥¨¤jな黒いアゲハチョウを°¸µM¥Øにした¡C¦óよりも¥Øを¤Þいたのは¡B±`ÃÑ¥~れなほど´Tの広い«á¯Íの§À状¬ð°_であり¡Bそこには´Â焼けのようにÂAやかな³½の§Àの§Îをした¨ª´³がにじんでいた¡Cこの½ºが¼Ð¥»ºôの¤¤で静かに¯Íを¦ÐばたかせたÀþ¶¡¡Bその³õにいた学¬Éのºë鋭たちは¤@様に®§をのんだ¡C
これは単に·sºØが½Ï¥Íしたというだけでなく¡B©ø¦ä¤ÀÃþ学における½Ä撃ªºな¥X来¨Æであった¡Cそれまで¡B¬ì学¬Éでは¡u«á¯Íの§À状¬ð°_を2¥»の¯Í¯ßが³e³qする¡vという©_§®な¶i¤Æは¡B¤¤国¤j³°のシナトガリバアゲハ(¤¤µØ寛§À»ñ½º)
にのみ¦s¦bすると広く¦Òえられていた¡C¥x湾での¼Ð¥»の¥X²{は¡Bこの©t®qが氷ªe´Áに¥j¤j³°とつながっていたという¶i¤Æのy¸ñをµý©úするものとなった¡C1934¦~¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@と·¡«n¤¯³Õはこの¡u¤Ûのアゲハチョウ¡vを¦@¦Pで¥@に発ªíした¡C
¤@¡B¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¤ÀÃþªu²¤ÎºØ¦W¥Ñ¨Ó
¦b¥xÆW©øÂΤÀÃþ¾Çªºµo®i¥v¤W,
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºªº©R¦W»PÂkÄݸg¾ú¤F¤@¬q·¥¨ã¬ì¾Ç»ùȪº¾ú¥vªu²¡C1934¦~, ¤é¥»©øÂξǮa¯À¤ì±o¤@»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ¦bº«×µo²{¦¹¬Ãµ}ª«ºØ«á,
¦@¦P±N¨äµoªí©R¦W¬°¡uPapilio maraho (Shiraki & Sonan)¡v, ¥¿¦¡±N³o°¦¤Û¤§°ê½º¤Þ¤¶µ¹°ê»Ú¬ì¾Ç¬É¡CµM¦Ó,
¥Ñ©ó¥¦«á¯Í¨º¼e¤j±o¶W¥G±`²z¡B¥B¯S§O¾Ö¦³¨â±ø¯Í¯ß³e¬ïªº·¥¨ä¿W¯S§À¬ðµ²ºc, ¦b·í®Éªº¤ÀÃþ¾Ç®a²´¤¤Åã±o¤Ó¹L»P²³¤£¦P, ÀH«á«K³Q¿W¥ß¹ºÂk¥X¤@Ó±MÄݪº¤ÀÃþ,
§ïºÙ¬°¡u¼e§À»ñ½ºÄÝ(Agehana maraho) ¡v¡C³o¤@¾Ç¦WªºÅܧó»Pºtªu, ¤£¶È¨£ÃÒ¤F¬ì¾Ç¬É¹ï¨ä¿W¯S¨Åéºc³yªºÅå¹Ä, ¤]¦¨¬°¤éªv®É´Á¥xÆW¥Íª«¬Û½Õ¬d¥v¤W,
¤@µ§¹üÅã¨äºt¤Æ¯S®í©Ê»P±R°ª¦a¦ìªº«n¤ÀÃþ¾Ç¦L°O¡C¬°¤F¹üÅã³o°¦½¹½º¦b¤sªL¤¤ªº¯«¸t»P°ª¶Q, ¬ì¾Ç®ąèS¦³¨Ï¥Î±`¨£ªº¦a²z¦WºÙ©Î¤H¦W¨Ó¬°¥¦©R¦W,
¦Ó¬O±N¥Ø¥ú§ë¦V¤F³o¤ù¤g¦aªºì¥D¤H~®õ¶®±Ú¡C¥ḺįǤF®õ¶®±Ú»y¤¤¥Nªí¡uÀY¥Ø¡v©Î¡u©ªø¡vªºµü·J¡umaraho¡v, ±N¨ä©w¬°ºØ¤p¦W¡CMaraho~³o°¦½¹½º,
¦Û½Ï¥Í©ó¬ì¾Ç¬Éªº¨º¤@¨è°_, ´N³Q¥[°Ã¬°ºÖº¸¼¯¨F¤sªL¸Ì¡B°ß§Ú¿W´Lªº¶Â¦â©ªø¡C
¤G¡B ¤K¦Ê¶êªº®öº©»PºÆ¨g¡G¤@°¦½¹½º´«¨ú¤@´É©ÐËm
¦b1930¦~¥Nªº°ê»Ú¼Ð¥»¥«³õ¤W, ¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºªº½Ï¥Í¤Þµo¤F¤@³õ¦p¦P¡uÆ{ª÷»¨g¼ö¡v¯ëªººÆ¨g°l³v¡C·í®Éªº¼Ú¬ü»P¤é¥»¦¬Âîa,
¹ï³o°¦¨Ó¦Û«n¤è®qÀ¬¡B¯«¯¦¦Ó·¥Ãø®·Àòªº¡u©ªø»ñ½º¡vÁͤ§Yõ¡C¥Ñ©ó¥¦´Ï®§¦b¤H·Ï¨u¦Üªº¤¤®ü©Þì©lªL,
¥[¤W¥®ÂΪº¹©Ê¦b·í®É¤´¬OÓÁ¼(«á¨ÓÃҹꥦ¶È±H¥Í©ó¦Bªe¤m¿ò´Óª«¡u¥xÆW檫¾ð¡v) , ¾ÉP¼Ð¥»¼Æ¶q·¥¨äµ}¤Ö¡C¦bª«¥Hµ}¬°¶Qªº±Àªi§UÄi¤U,
¤@°¦«~¬Û§¹¦nªº¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¼Ð¥», ¦b¥«³õ¤Wªº¦¬ÁÊ»ù´¿¤@¸ôöt¤É¦Ü¤K¦Ê¶ê¤é¹ô¡C
1930¦~¥N¡u¤K¦Ê¶ê¡vªº¸gÀÙ»ùÈ·Q¹³ (³æ¦ì¡G¤é¶ê JPY) , ¸¦æªºËm«Î: ¤@°¦½¹½º»P¤@´É©Ð¤lªº®É¥NºÆ¨g , ¦b 1930
¦~¥Nªº¤éªv¥xÆW, ³o°¦Áô°Î©óºÖº¸¼¯¨F°gÃú²`¤sªº¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v,
¦b°ê»Ú¼Ð¥»¥«³õ¤W±È°_¤F¤@³õ¦p¦P¯«¸Ü¯ëªºª÷¿ú¨g¼ö¡C¨º¬O¤@Óª«»ù»P·í¥NºIµM¤£¦Pªº¦~¥N¡C·í®É¤@¦Wè±q¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç²¦·~ªºªÀ·|ºë^, ªÀ·|°_Á~¤j¬ù¸¨¦b 70 ¦Ü 80
¶ê¤é¹ô, ¦ÓªÓt¦a¤èªv¦w¡BÁ~¤ôéwªº°ò¼hĵ¹î, ¤ëÁ~¤]¶È¦³ 40 ¨ì 50 ¶ê¥ª¥k¡C¦b¨ºÓ·s¥x¹ô©|¥¼½Ï¥Í¡B¥H¤é¶ê¬°p»ù³æ¦ìªº·³¤ë¸Ì,
¥un¦b¥x¥_¥«°Ï´M¤@³B¦a¬q®ï¹ê¡B¥i¥H¾B·Á׫Bªº¤é¦¡¥Á©Ð©ÎËm«Î, ¶È»Ýªá¶O 500 ¨ì 1000 ¶ê¤é¹ô«K¯à¸¨¤á¦w©~¡CµM¦Ó, ³o°¦³Q®õ¶®±Ú«a¥H©ªø¤§¦Wªº¤Û¤§°ê½º,
¤@°¦«~¬Û§¹¦nªº¼Ð¥»¦¬ÁÊ»ù, ³ºµM¦b¨g¼öªº¦¬Âîö¼é¤¤¤@¸ôöt¤É¦Ü¥O¤H©Q¦Þªº¡u¤K¦Ê¶ê¡v¤Ñ»ù¡C³o¸s³v½º¤§¤Ò¦bÁ¡ÃúÅ¢¸nªº·Ë¨¦¤¤WW¦uÔ,
¥u¬°¨º¤@©ÙÅD°Êªº¶Â¦â¦ÐÁl¡C³oºØ§¨ÂøµÛ³g°ý¡B¨g¼ö»P¹ï¥¼ª¾¦ÛµM·q¬Èªº®ö¼é, ¬°¤éªv®É´Áªº¥xÆW©øÂλx,
¶î©Ù¤W¤F¤@¼h·¥¨ã±i¤Oªº¡B²H²Hªº¡uºÖº¸¼¯¨F¦¡®öº©±¡½Õ¡v¡C³o·N¨ýµÛ, ·í±Ä¶°ªÌ¦b©yÄõ©Î¤jÅQ¦y¤sªºì©l´ËªL¤¤´§°Ê®·Âκô, ©¯¹B¦a®·Àò¤@°¦¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º®É,
¥L¤â¤¤ºôùªº¤£¶È¶È¬O¤@¥ó¤j¦ÛµMªºÃÀ³N«~, §ó¬O¤@µ§µ¥¦P©ó°ò¼h¤½°Èû¤£¦Y¤£³Ü±Nªñ¨â¦~ªºÁ~¸êÁ`©M¡C¦b¨ºÓ¥Rº¡¤jÁx«_ÀI»P©R¹B½Â઺¶Àª÷®É¥N¸Ì,
³o°¦¦bªÅ¤¤½¡½¡°_»Rªº¶Â¦â¦ÐÁl, ¦b¤H̲´¤¤, ÅkµM´N¬O¤@´É¦b¤sªL°gÃú¤¤¡u·|¸ªº¥x¥_Ëm«Î¡v¡C³o³õ¥Ñ¤K¦Ê¶ê¥æÂ´¦Ó¦¨ªº³v½ººÆ¨g,
¤]¦¨¤FºÖº¸¼¯¨F©øÂεo®i¥v¤W³Ì¤£¥i«äijªº®öº©¶Ç©_¡C¨º¬O¤@Ó¥Rº¡¤jÁx«_ÀI»Pª÷¿ú»¤´bªº¦~¥N¡CµL¼Æªº®ö¤H¡B±Ä¶°ªÌ»P¤é¥»®ö¼é¨à, ©êµÛ¤@©]P´Iªº¹Ú·Q,
ÄâµÛ®·Âκô²`¤J¨º¤´¦³¥X¯ó¶Ç»Dªº®õ¶®±Ú²`¤s¡C³o¸s³v½º¤§¤Ò¦bÁ¡ÃúÅ¢¸nªº·Ë¨¦¤¤WW¦uÔ, ¥u¬°¨º¤@©ÙÅD°Êªº¶Â¦â¦ÐÁl¡C³oºØ§¨ÂøµÛ³g°ý¡B¨g¼ö»P¹ï¥¼ª¾¦ÛµM·q¬Èªº®ö¼é,
¬°¤éªv®É´Áªº¥xÆW©øÂλx, ¶î©Ù¤W¤F¤@¼h·¥¨ã±i¤Oªº¡uºÖº¸¼¯¨F¦¡±¡½Õ¡v¡C
¤T¡B ±R°ª¦a¦ìªº½T¥ß¡G¥xÆWªº¦ÛµM¬ö©Àª«
³o°¦½¹½ºªº¬á¶Q, µ´¤£¶È¶ÈÅé²{¦bª÷¿ú¤W¡C¥¦¦b¥Íª«¾Ç»P°ê®a¶H¼x¤Wªº¦a¦ì,
«Ü§Ö´N±o¨ì¤F©x¤èªº³Ì°ª»{¥i¡CÀHµÛ¤é¥»¥»¤g¡u¥vÂݦW³Ó¤ÑµM¬ö©Àª««O¦sªk¡vªººë¯«©µ¦ù¦Ü®q¤º,
¥xÆWÁ`·þ©²¶}©l¼f¬d³o®y®qÀ¬¤W¿W¤@µL¤Gªº¦ÛµM¿ò²£¡C¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¦]¬°¨äºt¤Æ¤Wªº¤m¿ò¯S©Ê(·½¦Û¥j¦Ñ¥_¬ü¬w»ñ½ºÃþ¸sªºªF¨È¿ò¯dºt¤Æ) , ¥H¤Î¨äµL¥i¨ú¥Nªº¾Ç³N»ùÈ,
©ó¤éªv¥½´Á³Q¥¿¦¡¦C¬°¡u¤ÑµM¬ö©Àª«¡v(Natural Monument) ¶i¦æ«OÅ@¡C³o¶µ©x¤è©w½Õ,
±N¥¦±q¡u°Ó«~¼Ð¥»¡vª@µØ¬°¡u°ê®a¯Åªº¦ÛµMÄ_Âáv¡C¥¦¤£¦A¥u¬O¦¬Âîa²°¤¤ªºª±ª«, ¦Ó¬OºÖº¸¼¯¨F³o®y®qÀ¬¦b¦a½èÅܾE¡B¥Íª«ºt¤Æ¥v¤Wªº¤£¦´ÃÒ¨¥¡C
¥|¡B ¥Ã«íªººÖº¸¼¯¨F¤sªL¹ÏÄË
®É¦Ü¤µ¤é, ÀHµÛ®É¥ú±À²¾¦Ü¤G¤Q¤@¥@¬ö, ³o°¦¦³µÛ¡u°ê½º¡v¬üÅAªº¤G¯Å«O¨|Ãþ¬Ãµ}©øÂÎ,
¨Ì¦b©yÄõ¤Ó¥¤s¡BÆ[Ãúµ¥¦aªº¥xÆW檫¾ðªL±éÀqÀq¸µ¾¡C·í§Ú̽¶}¤éªv®É´Á¯d¤Uªº¶À½Å¦â©øÂιÏŲ, ¬ÝµÛ¥¤sצ¸¦¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@µ¥¤H¥Î²Ó½oªº¿ûµ§½u±ø»P¥Ûª©¦L¨ê©Ò°O¿ý¤U¨Óªº
Agehana maraho, §Ï©»ÁÙ¯à¬Ý¨£¦b¨ºÓ¤jÃúÄjº©ªº«n¿D·Ë¨¦¤¤,
·¡«n¤¯³Õ´§¤U®·Âκô®Éªº¿E°Ê»PŸ§Ý¡C¨º¬O¤@¬qÄÝ©óºÖº¸¼¯¨Fªº®öº©¶Àª÷®É¥N¡C³o°¦¥H®õ¶®±Ú©ªø¤§¦W¦æ¥@¡B´¿»ùȤK¦Ê¶êªº¤Û¤§°ê½º,
±N¥Ã»·±aµÛ¨º©Ù²H²Hªº¡BÄÝ©ó«n¤è®qÀ¬ªº¾ú¥v¼~Æ{»P´L¶Q, ¦b¥xÆW©øÂεo®i¥v¤W, Ä~Äò°ª¶Æ¦a®i¯Í¸µ¾¡C
I. Taxonomical Evolution and Origin of the Species Name of the
Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail
In the
history of Taiwanese entomological taxonomy, the naming and classification of
the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail (Agehana maraho) underwent a historical
evolution of immense scientific value. In 1934, after discovering this rare and
precious species for the first time, Japanese entomologists Tokuichi Shiraki and
Jinhaku Sonan jointly published and named it "Papilio maraho(Shiraki & Sonan),"
formally introducing this "phantom national butterfly" to the international
scientific community. However, due to its broad tail projection¡Xwhich defied
common logic by having two wing veins running completely through it¡Xthe
butterfly appeared so extraordinary to taxonomists at the time that it was later
reassigned to its own exclusive genus, renamed Agehana maraho. This taxonomic
shift and evolution not only bore witness to the scientific community's
astonishment at its unique physical structure, but also became a milestone in
the history of biological surveys during the Japanese colonial period,
highlighting its evolutionary distinctiveness and prestigious status. To honor
the sacred and noble presence of this butterfly in the mountain forests,
scientists eschewed common geographical names or human surnames. Instead, they
turned their gaze to the original masters of this land: the Atayal people. They
adopted the word "maraho," which means "chief" or "cacique" in the Atayal
language, as its specific epithet. From the very moment maraho was introduced to
the scientific world, this butterfly was crowned as the absolute, supreme black
chief of the Formosan forests.
II. The Romance and Madness of Eight Hundred Yen: Exchanging a
Single Butterfly for a Machiya House
In the
international specimen market of the 1930s, the emergence of the Taiwan
Broad-tailed Swallowtail triggered a frantic pursuit akin to "Tulip Mania."
European, American, and Japanese collectors of the era rushed after this
mysterious and extremely elusive "Chief Swallowtail" from the southern island.
Because it inhabited undisturbed, mid-elevation pristine forests, and its larval
diet remained a total mystery at the time (later confirmed to feed exclusively
on the Sassafras randaiense, a glacial relict plant), specimens were exceedingly
rare. Driven by this scarcity, the acquisition price for a single, pristine
specimen of the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail skyrocketed to an astonishing
800 Japanese yen in the market.
The economic imagination of "800 Yen" in 1930s colonial Taiwan (Unit: Japanese
Yen / JPY): A Flying Machiya¡XAn Era of Madness Between a Butterfly and a House.
In 1930s colonial Taiwan, this "Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail," hidden deep
within the misty mountains of Formosa, ignited a legendary financial frenzy in
the international specimen market. It was an era with a vastly different cost of
living compared to modern times. At that time, a fresh elite graduate from
Taihoku Imperial University earned a starting monthly salary of about 70 to 80
yen, while a local police officer with a stable income made only 40 to 50 yen
per month. In those years before the birth of the New Taiwan Dollar, when prices
were calculated in Japanese yen, a decent Japanese-style residence or machiya
townhouse in a solid neighborhood of Taihoku City could be purchased for just
500 to 1,000 yen. Yet, the acquisition price of a flawless specimen of this
phantom national butterfly, crowned with the Atayal name for chief, soared to a
jaw-dropping 800 yen amidst the fervent collector wave. These butterfly hunters
waited painstakingly in misty river valleys just to catch a glimpse of those
fluttering black wings. This wave, blending greed, fanaticism, and a reverent
awe of unknown nature, painted the entomological annals of colonial Taiwan with
a highly dramatic, subtle "Formosan romance." This meant that when a collector
swung his net in the pristine forests of Yilan or Mount Dabajian and luckily
caught a Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail, what he netted was not just a
masterpiece of nature, but a sum equivalent to nearly two years of a grassroots
civil servant's total salary without spending a dime. In that golden age of bold
adventure and twisting fates, those black wings dancing in the air looked
exactly like a "flying Taihoku machiya" emerging from the mountain mist. This
madness woven from 800 yen became the most incredible romantic legend in the
history of Formosan entomology. It was an era filled with daring adventure and
monetary temptation. Countless wanderers, collectors, and adventurous Japanese
youths, harboring dreams of overnight wealth, carried their butterfly nets deep
into the Atayal mountains, where rumors of headhunting still lingered. These
butterfly hunters waited painstakingly in misty river valleys just to catch a
glimpse of those fluttering black wings. This wave, blending greed, fanaticism,
and a reverent awe of unknown nature, painted the entomological annals of
colonial Taiwan with a highly dramatic "Formosan allure."
III. Establishment of Sublime Status: Taiwan's Natural Monument
The
preciousness of this butterfly was by no means reflected in monetary value
alone. Its status in biology and as a national symbol soon received the highest
official recognition. As the spirit of the Japanese mainland's "Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments"
extended to the island, the Government-General of Taiwan began reviewing the
unique natural heritage of this land. Due to its evolutionary relict
characteristics (an East Asian evolutionary remnant originating from an ancient
North American swallowtail lineage) and its irreplaceable academic value, the
Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail was officially designated as a "Natural
Monument" for protection during the late period of Japanese rule. This official
designation elevated it from a "commercial specimen" to a "national-level
natural treasure." It was no longer merely a plaything in a collector's box, but
an immortal testament to the geological transformations and evolutionary history
of the island of Formosa.
IV. The Eternal Totem of the Formosan Mountain Forests
Today, as time has marched into the twenty-first century, this rare
insect¡Xhonored with the reputation of the "National Butterfly" and classified as
a Category II protected species¡Xstill flies silently over the canopy of the
Sassafras randaiense forests in places like Yilan's Taipingshan and Guanwu. When
we flip through the amber-toned entomological guidebooks left behind from the
Japanese colonial period, looking at the Agehana maraho recorded by Shujiro
Hirayama, Tokuichi Shiraki, and others through meticulous steel-pen lines and
lithographic printing, we can almost still see Jinhaku Sonan's excitement and
trembling as he swung his butterfly net in that fog-shrouded Nan-ao river
valley. It was a golden age of romance belonging to Formosa. This phantom
national butterfly, known to the world by the name of the Atayal chief and once
valued at eight hundred yen, will forever carry that faint historical melancholy
and nobility belonging to the southern island, continuing to proudly spread its
wings in the history of Taiwanese entomology.
¡@
¤@¡Bフトオアゲハの¤ÀÃþªu²とºØ¤p¦Wの¥Ñ来
¥x湾の©ø¦ä¤ÀÃþ学¥vにおいて¡Bフトオアゲハ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º)
の©R¦Wと帰属は¡B·¥めて°ªい¬ì学ªº価値を«ùつ歴¥vªºªu²をたどってきました¡C1934¦~¡B¤é¥»の©ø¦ä学ªÌである¯À¤ì±o¤@と·¡«n¤¯³Õはこの§Æ¤Öな·sºØをªìめて発¨£し¡B¦@¦Pで¡uPapilio
maraho (Shiraki & Sonan)¡vと©R¦W・発ªíし¡Bこの¡u¤Ûの国½º¡vを国»Úªºな¬ì学¬Éに¥¿¦¡に²Ð¤¶しました¡Cしかし¡B«á¯Íにある¡B2¥»の¯Í¯ßが³e³qするという±`ÃÑを¶Wえた´T広く独¯Sな§À¬ð°_ºc³yは¡B当®Éの¤ÀÃþ学ªÌにとってあまりにも²§±mを©ñっていたため¡B«áに独¥ßした¡uフトオアゲハ属(Agehana
maraho)
¡vへと´Óえ´Àえられることになりました¡Cこの学¦Wの変§óとªu²は¡Bその独¯Sな¨Ê^ºc³yに対する¬ì学¬ÉのÅå¹Äをª«»yるだけでなく¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥x湾における¥Íª«¬Û½Õ査¥vにおいて¡Bその¶i¤Æの¯S®í©Êと¦Ü°ªの¦a¦ìを¶H徴する«nな¤ÀÃþ学ªº¨¬¸ñとなりました¡C¤sªLにおけるこの½ºの¯«¸tさと°ª¶Qさを称えるため¡B¬ì学ªÌたちはありふれた¦a¦Wや¤H¦Wを学¦Wに¥Îいることはしませんでした¡C¥Nわりに¡Bこの¤g¦aの¥»来の¥D¤Hであるタイヤル±Ú(®õ¶®±Ú)
に¥Øを¦Vけたのです¡C©¼らはタイヤル±Úの¨¥¸で¡uÀY¥Ø¡vや¡u©ªø¡vを·N¨ýする¡umaraho¡vという¨¥¸を±Ä¥Îし¡BそれをºØ¤p¦Wに©wめました¡Cmaraho(マラボ)
――この½ºは¬ì学¬Éに½Ï¥ÍしたそのÀþ¶¡から¡Bフォルモサの¤sªLに§gÁ{する¡B°ß§Ú独´Lの¡u黒き©ªø¡vとしてÀ¹«aしたのです¡C
¤G¡B ¤K¦Ê円のロマンと¨g気¡G¤@ÀYの½ºと¤@´ÉのËm®a
1930¦~¥Nの国»Ú¼Ð¥»¥«³õにおいて¡Bフトオアゲハの½Ï¥Íはまさに¡uチューリップ・バブル¡vさながらの¨g乱をもたらしました¡C当®Éの欧¦Ìや¤é¥»のコレクターたちは¡B«nの®qから²{れたこの¯«¯µªºで·¥めて®·Àò§xÃøな¡u©ªøアゲハ¡vにこぞって°õ着しました¡C¤H·Ïµ}な¤¤¼Ð°ªのì¥ÍªLに¥Í®§していることに¥[え¡B当®Éは¥®¦äの¹©ÊがÁ¼に¥]まれていたため(«áに氷ªe´Áの¥Íき残り´Óª«である¡uタイワンササフラス¡vのみを±H¥Í´Óª«とすることが§P©ú)
¡B¼Ð¥»の数は·¥めて¤Ö数でした¡C§Æ¤Ö価値が価®æを¸õね¤Wげる¤¤¡B状ºAの¨}いフトオアゲハの¼Ð¥»¤@ÀYの¥«³õ¶R¨ú価®æは¡Bついに当®Éの¤é¥»円で¡u¤K¦Ê円¡vというÅå²§ªºな°ª値まで¼ÉÄËしたのです¡C
1930¦~¥N(¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥x湾) における¡u¤K¦Ê円¡vの経済価値の·Q¹³(単¦ì¡G円 JPY)
――ªÅを¸ぶËm®a¡G¤@ÀYの½ºと¤@´Éの®aが´りなす®É¥Nの¨g気¡C1930¦~¥Nの¤é¥»²Îªv¤Uの¥x湾において¡BフォルモサのÃú²`い²`¤sに隠れ¦íむこの¡uフトオアゲハ¡vは¡B国»Ú¼Ð¥»¥«³õで¯«¸Üのようなª÷銭ªº¨g乱を巻き°_こしました¡Cそれは¡Bª«価が²{¥Nとは¥þく²§なる®É¥Nのことでした¡C当®É¡B¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学を¨ò·~したばかりのªÀ会エリートのªì¥ôµ¹がおよそ70〜80円¡B¦a¤èのªv¦wを担うµ¹ÉOの¦w©wした°ò¼hĵ¹î©xの¤ëµ¹でも40〜50円µ{«×でした¡Cニュー¥x湾ドル(·s¥x¹ô)
がまだ½Ï¥Íしておらず¡B¤é¥»円が³q³fだったあの®É¥N¡B¥x¥_¥«内で«B·をしのげる°í実な¥ß¦aの¤é¥»¦¡®a«ÎやËm®aを¤@´ÉÁʤJするには¡B500円から1000円もあれば¤Q¤Àでした¡Cしかし¡Bタイヤル±Úの¨¥¸で¡u©ªø¡vの¦Wを«aされたこの¤Ûの国½ºは¡B¶Ë¤@つない§¹Âzな¼Ð¥»¤@ÀYの¶R¨ú価®æが¡Bコレクターたちの¨g¼öのªiの¤¤で¡B½Öもが¦ÕをºÃう¡u¤K¦Ê円¡vという¤Ñ価にまで¹Fしたのです¡C½ºを°lう¨kたちは¡BÁ¡Ãúに¥]まれた渓¨¦でじっと«Ýち続け¡Bただその黒い¯Íの¦Ðばたきだけを°lい¨Dめました¡C±j±ýと¨g¼ö¡Bそして¥¼ª¾なる¦ÛµMへの¬È·qが¤Jり²Vじったこのªiは¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥x湾©ø¦ä»xに¡Bきわめてドラマチックで¡Bどこかª«´dしくもある¡uフォルモサ·のロマンチシズム¡vを¶îり込みました¡Cこれは¡B±Ä¶°ªÌが©yÄõ(ギラン)
や¤j覇¦y¤s(タイハセンザン)
のì¥ÍªLで®·¦äºôを®¶り¡B¹B¨}くフトオアゲハを¤@ÀY®·らえたとき¡Bそのºôの¤¤にあったのは単なる¤j¦ÛµMのªå³N«~だけでなく¡B°ò¼h¤½°Èûが実½è2¦~¶¡¤£¯v¤£¥ð・¤£¶¼¤£¹で働くµ¹ÉOの総ÃBに¤Ç¼Äする´Iだったことを·N¨ýします¡C¤j胆な«_険と¹B©Rの°f転に満ちたあの黄ª÷®É¥Nにおいて¡BªÅ¤¤を»Rうその黒い¯Íは¡B¤H々の¥Øに¡Bまさに¤sªLのÃúの¤¤から²{れた¡uªÅを¸ぶ¥x¥_のËm®a¡vそのものに¬Mったに¹Hいありません¡Cこの¤K¦Ê円が´りなした½º°lい¤Hの¨g気は¡Bフォルモサの©ø¦ä発®i¥v¤W¡B³Ìも¤£¥i«äijなロマンのÉ´説となりました¡Cそれは¡B¤j胆な«_険とª÷銭の»¤´bに満ちた®É¥Nでした¡CµL数の·来§{¡B±Ä¶°ªÌ¡Bそして¤é¥»の¼ö¦åº~たちが¡B¤@Àò¤dª÷の¹Úを©êき¡B¤µなおº¬¼り(¥X¯ó)
のä÷が残るタイヤル±Úの²`¤sへと®·¦äºôを¤âに½ñみ¤Jっていきました¡C½ºを°lう¨kたちは¡BÁ¡Ãúに¥]まれた渓¨¦でじっと«Ýち続け¡Bただその黒い¯Íの¦Ðばたきだけを°lい¨Dめました¡C±j±ýと¨g¼ö¡Bそして¥¼ª¾なる¦ÛµMへの¬È·qが¤Jり²Vじったこのªiは¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥x湾©ø¦ä»xに¡Bきわめてドラマチックな¡uフォルモサの±¡½Õ¡vを¶îり残したのです¡C
¤T¡B ¦Ü°ªの¦a¦ìの½T¥ß¡G¥x湾の¤ÑµM°O©Àª«
この½ºの·¥めて°ªい価値は¡B¨Mしてª÷銭±だけに²{れていたわけではありません¡C¥Íª«学における¡Bそして国®aの¶H徴としてのその¦a¦ìは¡Bやがて総·þ©²による³Ì°ªの¤½»{を¨üけることとなりました¡C¤é¥»¥»¤gの¡u¥vÂݦW³Ó¤ÑµM°O©Àª««O¦sªk¡vのºë¯«が®q内へと©µ¦ùされるに¦ñい¡B¥x湾総·þ©²はこの®qに°ß¤@µL¤Gの¦ÛµM¿ò産の¨£ª½しを©lめました¡Cフトオアゲハ(¥x湾¼e§À»ñ½º)
は¡Bその¶i¤Æにおける¥Íき残りとしての¯S©Ê(¥j¥N¥_¦ÌのアゲハチョウÃþに¥Ñ来するªFアジアの¿ò¯dºt¤Æ)
と¡B¥Lの¦óª«にも¥Nえがたい学³Nªº価値により¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥½´Áに«OÅ@対¶Hとして¥¿¦¡に¡u¤ÑµM°O©Àª«¡vに«ü©wされました¡Cこの¤½ªºな¦ì¸mづけにより¡B¥»ºØは¡u°Ó«~の¼Ð¥»¡vから¡u国®a¯Åの¦ÛµMの宝蔵¡vへとª@µØを¹Eげたのです¡Cそれはもはや¡Bコレクターの½cに収まるただのª±¨ãではなく¡Bフォルモサという®qにおける¦a½è変°Êや¥Íª«¶i¤Æ¥vの¤£¦´のµý¨¥ªÌとなったのでした¡C
¥|¡B ¥Ã»·なるフォルモサの¤sªLのトーテム
®Éは¬yれ¡B21¥@¬öをªïえた¤µ¤éにおいても¡B¡u国½º¡vの¬ü¦Wを«ùつこの¤G¯Å«O¨|Ãþ(§Æ¤Ö³¥¥Í°Ê´Óª«) の¬Ãしい©øÂÎは¡B©yÄõの¤Ó¥¤sや観Ãú(カンム)
といった¦a°ìのタイワンササフラス(¥x湾檫¾ð)
のªL±éで¡B¤µも静かに»Rい続けています¡C¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nに¿òされた黄½Å¦âの©ø¦ä図Ųをめくり¡B¥¤sצ¸¦や¯À¤ì±o¤@らが½o±Kなマッピングと¥Ûª©¦L¨êによって°O録した¡uAgehana
maraho¡vを²·めるとき¡B¨pたちは¤jÃúに¥]まれたあの«n¿D(ナンオウ)
の渓¨¦で¡B·¡«n¤¯³Õが®·¦äºôを®¶り¤UろしたÀþ¶¡の¿E°Êと¾_えを¡B¤µでも¥Øの当たりにするかのような¿ù覚を覚えます¡Cそれはフォルモサに帰属する¡Bロマンに満ちた黄ª÷®É¥Nでした¡Cタイヤル±Úの©ªøの¦WをÀ¹いて¥@にª¾られ¡Bかつて¤K¦Ê円の価値を¸Øったこの¤Ûの国½ºは¡B«nの®qが±Jすあのどこかª«´dしい歴¥vの¼~·Tと°ª¶Qさを¥Ã»·にÄñいながら¡B¥x湾©ø¦ä発®i¥vの¤¤で¡Bこれからも¶ÆµMと¯Íを広げて¦Ðばたき続けることでしょう¡C
¶Ç©_·fÀÉ:¯À¤ì±o¤@»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ~¥xÆW¦ÛµM¬É¦³µÛ±R°ª°^ÄmªºÆF»î¤Hª«
¡@
¦b¤éªv®É´Áªº¥xÆW©øÂξǶÀª÷¦~¥N,
¯À¤ì±o¤@»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ¬O¤@¹ï©{¦p¶Ç©_ªº®v®{²Õ¦X¡C¥L̤@¤º¤@¥~¡B¤@¤å¤@ªZ, ¦b¥xÆW³o®y¼ö±a©t®q¤W,
¥Î¥Í©R»P®·Âκô¬°²{¥N¥xÆWªº©øÂΤÀÃþ¾Ç»P¹A·~¯fÂή`¨¾ªv³þ©w¤FµL¥i´À¥Nªº°ò¥Û¡C
¤@¡B ¥xÆW©øÂξǪº¾Ç³N±Ð¤÷¡G¯À¤ì±o¤@(Tokuichi Shiraki, 1882¡V1970) ¦pªG»¡¤éªv®É´Áªº¥xÆW©øÂάɬO¤@®y·µ°ó,
¨º¯À¤ì±o¤@´N¬O¿Ë¤â¬ä¤W²Ä¤@¶ô¿jªº³þ°òªÌ¡Cºë^I´º»P¨ü©R¨Ó¥x¡G¯À¤ì±o¤@¥X¥Í©ó¤é¥»¥_®ü¹D¨çÀ]¡C¥L²¦·~©ó·í®É°ö¾i¤é¥»³Ì°ª¬ì¾Çºë^ªº¡u¥¾·E¹A¾Ç®Õ¡v(²{¥_®ü¹D¤j¾Ç)
¡C1907¦~, ¦~¶È24·³ªº¥L°¦¨¨Ó¨ì¥xÆW, ¾á¥ô¥xÆWÁ`·þ©²¹A¨Æ¸ÕÅç³õ§Þ®v,
¨Ã«Ü§Ö¦]¨ô¶V¤~¯à¤É¥ô©øÂγ¡ªø»P°Êª«¬ìªø¡C¶}±Ò¡u¥Íª«¨¾ªv¡vªº¥ýÅX¡G¯À¤ì¤£¶È°µ¯Â¾Ç³N¬ã¨s, §ó¬O¬@±Ï¥xÆW¹A·~ªº^¶¯¡C1908¦~,
¥xÆW¥_³¡ªº¬a¾ï¶é¦]¥~¨ÓºØ¡u§jºø¤¶´ßÂΡv±Á{·´·À©ÊÂή`¡C¯À¤ì¤jÁx¦V¬ü°ê¤Þ¶i¨ä¤Ñ¼Ä¡u¿D¬w¿]ÂΡv, ¦bµuµu¤T¦~¤º§¹¥þ§í¨î¤F¨a±¡,
®¾±Ï¤F¥xÆWªº¬a¾ï²£·~¡CÁ`·þ©²¬°¦¹¤j¬°¾_Åå, ¼·¥X¥¨ÃB¸g¶OÅý¥L»\·s¬ã¨s«Ç¡B²K¸m³]³Æ,
«P¦¨¤F«á¨Ó¥þ®q¤j³W¼Òªº©øÂ䶬d¡C¾Ç³N±Ð¤÷ªº¨¬¸ñ¡G¥L¬O¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç(²{¥xÆW¤j¾Ç) ªº³Ð®Õ±Ð±Â¤§¤@,
¤]¬O¥xÆW³Õª«¾Ç·|ªº·|ªø¡C¥Lªº±Ä¶°¨¬¸ñ¹M¥¬¥þ¥x¡B¼ê´ò¡BÄõÀ¬¡C¥L±Mºë©óª½¯Í¥Ø(½ÀÂΡBÁµÁ¬) ¤ÎÂù¯Í¥Ø(j¡BÃÇ) , ¨äÄYÂÔªºªv¾ÇºA«×,
Åý¥xÆWÁ`·þ©²©øÂγ¡¦b·í®É¦¨¬°¥þ¨È¬w³Ì«nªº©øÂΤÀÃþ¾Ç¬ã¨s¾ÚÂI¤§¤@¡C
¤G¡B ±q¼Ð¥»©Ð¨«¥XªºµL°Ã¤§¤ý¡G·¡«n¤¯³Õ(Jinhaku Sonan, 1892¡V1984) ¬Û¸û©ó¾Ç³N¥X¨¡B¦ì©~°ª¦ìªº¯À¤ì±Ð±Â,
§U¤â·¡«n¤¯³Õªº¬G¨Æ«h·¥¨ã¡u±f¥Á¶Ç©_¡v»P®öº©ªº®ö¤H¦â±m¡C¦b¥xÆW¥»¤g§¹¦¨¨D¾Çªº¶Ç©_¡G·¡«n¤¯³Õ¥X¥Í©ó¨R÷¨ºÅQ, 16·³®ÉÀH¤÷¥À·h¨ì¥xÆW¡C¥L¨S¦³¤é¥»¤º¦aªº«Ò¤j¦W®Õ¥úÀô,
¥Õ¤Ñ¦bÁ`·þ©²¹A¨Æ¸ÕÅç³õ¥´¤u, ±ß¤W¦b¥x¥_ªº¡u¦¨²W¾Ç®Õ¡v(©]¶¡³¡) WŪ¡C¥L¦b¼Ð¥»©Ð¸Ì±q¹}¾i©øÂΡB»s§@¼Ð¥»ªº³Ì©³¼h¤u§@°µ°_, ¾ÌÂǵÛÅå¤Hªº¼Ý¤O»P¼ö±¡,
²`²`¥´°Ê¤F¯À¤ì±o¤@, ¦¨¬°¨ä¾£¤U³Ì±o¤Oªºº®u§U¤â»P¬ã¨sû¡C¥þ¯àªº³¥¥~±Ä¶°¤j®v¡G·¡«n¤¯³Õ¾Ö¦³±Ó¾UªºÆ[¹î¤O»P·¥±jªº³¥¥~¥Í¦s¯à¤O,
¬O¹Î¶¤¤¤³Ì«nªº¡u³¥¥~±´ÀI®Ö¤ß¡v¡C¥L¤@¥Íµoªí¤F¤j¶qÃö©ó¥xÆW½ºÃþ¡B¸ÁÃþ(¦p®V¸Á) ¥H¤Î¯ù¾ð®`ÂΪº¤Ñ¼Ä¬ã¨s³ø§i¡C¦b¤éªv®É´Áªº¤T¤Q¦~¶¡,
¥L¬O¥þ¥xÆWµoªí½×¤å½g¼Æ³Ì¦h¡B²£¶q³ÌÂתº¤éÄy¾ÇªÌ¡C¤sªL¯«¸Üªºµo²{ªÌ¡G·¡«nªº°^Ämµ´¤£¶È©ó©øÂΡC°£¤F»P¯À¤ì¦@¦Pµoªí¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v, ¥LÁÙ¦bÃúªÀªº°ª¤s²`ªL¤¤,
°¸µMµo²{¤F쥻¥uÀ³¥Í¬¡¦b´H·Å±aªº¦Bªe¤m¿ò¥Íª«~¥xÆW¤s´Ô³½(Hynobius sonani) , ³o°¦¬Ãµ}ªº¨â´ÏÃþ°êÄ_, ¦Ü¤µ¤´¬O¥H·¡«nªº©m¤ó(sonani)
¨Ó©R¦W¡C
¤T¡B §¹¬üªº¶Ç©_·fÀÉ¡G¤@°Ê¤@ÀRªººÖº¸¼¯¨F¤§²Ì³o¨â¦ì³Õª«¾ÇªÌªºÃö«Y,
¦¤w¶W¶V¤F¶Ç²Îªº¤W¥q»P³¡ÄÝ¡C¯À¤ì±o¤@¨ã³Æ§»Æ[ªº¾Ç³Nµø³¥¡BÂרKªº©x¤è¸ê·½»PÄYÂÔªº¤ÀÃþ¾Ç²z½×¡F¦Ó·¡«n¤¯³Õ«h¾Ö¦³µL¤H¯à¤Îªº³¥¥~ª½Ä±¡B¼Ð¥»»s§@§Þ³N¥H¤Î¹ï¥xÆW¤sªLªº²`«p±¡·P¡C¦b1933¦~¹a¤ì§Q¤@±Ä¶°¨ì²Ä¤@°¦¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¼Ð¥»¨Ã¤Þµo±j¯PÃöª`«á,
¥¿¬O¯À¤ì±aµÛ·¡«n¿Ë¦Û²`¤J©yÄõ¤s°Ï·Ë¨¦, ¦bÁ¡Ãú¤¤WWµ¥Ô¼Æ¤é, ¤~®·Àò¤F¾Ç³N¬É²Ä¤G°¦¡B¤]¬O³þ©w¬ã¨s°ò¥ÛªºÃöÁä¼Ð¥»¡C¤G¾Ôµ²§ô«á, °ê¥Á¬F©²±µ¦¬¥xÆW,
¦]¬°¨â¤Hªº¾Ç³N¦a¦ì·¥¨ä±R°ª, ÂùÂùÀò±o¯d¥ô¸u¥Î©ó¥xÆW¬Ù¹A·~¸ÕÅç©Ò, Ä~Äò¨ó§U¥xÆWºû«ù¾Ô«áªº©øÂξǹB§@¡Cª½¨ì 1947 ¦~,
³o¹ï¦bºÖº¸¼¯¨F¨ÃªÓ§@¾Ô¤F¤T¤Q¦h¦~ªº¥Í¦º©çÀÉ, ¤~¤@°_·f¤W¤Þ´²îªð¦^¤é¥»¡C¦^¨ì¤é¥»«á, ·¡«n¤¯³Õ§ï©m¬°¡u«n¤t¡v,
¨â¤H³£¬¡¨ì¤F°ª¹Ø(¯À¤ì¨É¹Ø88·³¡B·¡«n¨É¹Ø92·³) , ¨Ã¦b¾l¥Í¤¤«ùÄò¾ã²zµÛ·í¦~±q¥xÆW±a¦^ªº¬Ã¶Q©øÂΰO¾Ð¡CÁ`µ²¨Ó»¡¡G¦pªG¨S¦³¯À¤ì±o¤@ªº»·¨£»P¨î«×«Ø¥ß,
¥xÆWªº©øÂάã¨s±N¯Ê¥F°ê»Ú¾Ç³Nªºµo¨¥Åv¡F¦Ó¦pªG¨S¦³·¡«n¤¯³Õ¦b¥xÆW¤sªL¸Ìªº¤d¸U¦¸´§ºô, ³\¦h¦p¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡B·¡«n¤ó¤s´Ô³½µ¥ÁôÂæb®qÀ¬°gÃú¤¤ªº¯«¯¦¥Í©R,
®£©È±N·|±ß¤H¼Æ¤Q¦~¤~¯à´¦¶}±¯½¡C¥L̨â¦ì, ¥¿¬OºÖº¸¼¯¨F¦ÛµM¥v¤W³Ì®öº©¤]³Ì°¶¤jªº¡u©øÂÎÂù¤l¬P¡v¡C
Legendary Partners:
Tokuichi Shiraki and Jinhaku Sonan¡XSoul Figures with Sublime Contributions to
Taiwan's Natural World
During
the golden age of Taiwanese entomology under Japanese rule, Tokuichi Shiraki and
Jinhaku Sonan formed a legendary mentor-disciple duo. Working in tandem¡Xone
masterminding the research and the other executing the field explorations¡Xthey
dedicated their lives and butterfly nets on this isolated tropical island to
laying an irreplaceable foundation for modern Taiwanese insect taxonomy and
agricultural pest control.
I. The Academic Godfather of Taiwanese Entomology: Tokuichi Shiraki (1882¡V1970)
If the world of Taiwanese entomology during the Japanese colonial period were a
grand palace, Tokuichi Shiraki would be the founding mason who laid the very
first brick.
Elite Background and Commission to Taiwan: Shiraki was born in Hakodate,
Hokkaido, Japan. He graduated from the Sapporo Agricultural College (now
Hokkaido University), an institution that nurtured Japan's top scientific elite
at the time. In 1907, at the young age of 24, he came to Taiwan alone to serve
as a technician at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the Government-General
of Taiwan. Owing to his exceptional talent, he was quickly promoted to Chief of
the Entomology Department and Chief of the Zoology Section.
Pioneer of Biological Control: Shiraki did not limit himself to pure academic
research; he was also a hero who saved Taiwanese agriculture. In 1908, citrus
orchards in northern Taiwan faced catastrophic damage from an invasive pest, the
cottony cushion scale. Shiraki boldly imported its natural enemy, the vedalia
beetle, from the United States. Within just three years, the infestation was
completely suppressed, rescuing Taiwan's citrus industry. Astonished by this
success, the Government-General allocated massive funds for him to build new
laboratories and purchase advanced equipment, which ultimately catalyzed the
subsequent large-scale, island-wide insect surveys.
The Footsteps of an Academic Godfather: He was one of the founding professors of
Taihoku Imperial University (now National Taiwan University) and served as the
president of the Natural History Society of Taiwan. His collection expeditions
spanned across the entire main island, the Penghu Islands, and Orchid Island.
Specializing in Orthoptera (locusts and crickets) and Diptera (horseflies and
true flies), his rigorous academic attitude transformed the Entomology
Department of the Government-General into one of the most vital research hubs
for insect taxonomy in all of Asia at the time.
II. The Uncrowned King Who Emerged from the Specimen Room: Jinhaku Sonan
(1892¡V1984)
In contrast to Professor Shiraki, who hailed from an elite academic background
and held high official positions, his assistant Jinhaku Sonan possessed a life
story filled with the romance of a grassroots legend and a wandering spirit.
A Legendary Self-Made Journey in Taiwan: Jinhaku Sonan was born in Naha,
Okinawa, and moved to Taiwan with his parents at the age of 16. Lacking the
prestigious aura of an imperial university on the Japanese mainland, he worked
at the Government-General's Agricultural Experiment Station by day and studied
tirelessly at the night school of Seigen School (now Chengyuan High School) in
Taipei. Starting from the lowest rungs of the specimen room¡Xrearing insects and
pinning specimens¡Xhis astonishing perseverance and passion deeply moved Tokuichi
Shiraki, leading him to become Shiraki's most capable chief assistant and
researcher.
An All-Around Master of Field Collection: Blessed with sharp observation skills
and extraordinary wilderness survival abilities, Sonan was the vital "core of
field exploration" for the team. Throughout his life, he published an immense
volume of research reports regarding Taiwanese butterflies, wasps (such as
Ichneumonidae), and the natural enemies of tea tree pests. During his three
decades in the colonial era, he was the most prolific Japanese scholar in
Taiwan, boasting the highest number of published papers.
Discoverer of Mountain Myths: Sonan's contributions extended far beyond insects.
Aside from co-publishing the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail with Shiraki, he
accidentally discovered the Taiwan Salamander (Hynobius sonani) in the
high-altitude forests of Wushe. This glacial relict amphibian, which logically
should only exist in cold-temperate zones, remains a rare national treasure of
Taiwan and is still named in honor of Sonan's surname (sonani) to this day.
III. The Perfect Legendary Partners: The Dynamic and Serene Formosan Bond
The relationship between these two naturalists had long transcended that of a
traditional supervisor and subordinate. Tokuichi Shiraki possessed a macro-level
academic vision, abundant official resources, and rigorous taxonomic theories;
meanwhile, Jinhaku Sonan held unmatched field intuition, specimen-crafting
techniques, and a profound affection for the mountain forests of Taiwan. In
1933, after Riichi Suzuki collected the very first specimen of the Taiwan
Broad-tailed Swallowtail and sparked intense academic interest, it was Shiraki
who took Sonan deep into the river valleys of the Yilan mountains. Together,
they waited painstakingly amid the dense fog for several days before finally
capturing the second specimen in academic history¡Xthe pivotal specimen that laid
the bedrock for all future research. Following the end of World War II, when the
Nationalist Government took over Taiwan, the two scholars were both requested to
stay and were employed by the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute due to
their sublime academic status, continuing to help maintain the operation of
Taiwanese entomology in the postwar era. It was not until 1947 that this pair of
life-and-death partners, who had fought side by side in Formosa for over thirty
years, boarded a repatriation ship together to return to Japan. Upon returning
to Japan, Jinhaku Sonan changed his surname to "Minamikawa." Both lived long
lives (Shiraki lived to 88, and Sonan to 92) and spent the rest of their years
continuously organizing the precious entomological memories they had brought
back from Taiwan. In conclusion: without Tokuichi Shiraki's foresight and
institutional establishment, insect research in Taiwan would have lacked a voice
in international academia; conversely, without Jinhaku Sonan swinging his net
tens of thousands of times in the Taiwanese mountains, many mysterious lives
hidden within the island's mists¡Xsuch as the Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail and
the Taiwan Salamander¡Xmight have waited decades longer before their veils were
finally lifted. The two of them are truly the most romantic and greatest
"Entomological Gemini" in the history of Formosan natural science.
¡@
É´説のコンビ¡G¯À¤ì±o¤@と·¡«n¤¯³Õ――¥x湾の¦ÛµM¬Éに¦h¤jなる°^献をªGたした¤£·Àのソウルメイト
¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nにおける¥x湾©ø¦ä学の黄ª÷´Á¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@と·¡«n¤¯³Õは¡BまさにÉ´説とも¨¥える®v§Ìコンビでした¡C¤@¤Hは¬ã¨s«Çで¤j§½を²Î¬Aし(¤å)
¡Bもう¤@¤Hは³¥¤sを駆け¨µる(ªZ)
¡Cこの¼ö帯の©t®qにおいて¡B¤G¤Hは¦Ûらの©Rと®·¦äºôを±·げ¡B²{¥N¥x湾の©ø¦ä¤ÀÃþ学および¹A·~¯f®`¦ä¨¾°£の¦となる¡B¦óª«にも¥Nえがたいª÷¦r¶ðを¥´ち¥ßてたのです¡C
¤@¡B ¥x湾©ø¦ä学の学³Nªºゴッドファーザー¡G¯À¤ì±o¤@(1882¡V1970)
¤é¥»²Îªv¤Uの¥x湾©ø¦ä¬Éを¤@つの¯«·µに¨Òえるならば¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@はその³Ìªìのレンガを¦Ûらの¤âで¿nみ¤Wげた¦の¿vき¤âでした¡C
エリートとしてのI´ºと©Rを¨üけての来¥x¡G
¯À¤ì±o¤@は¡B¤é¥»の¥_®ü¹D¨çÀ]¥«に¥Íまれました¡C©¼は当®É¡B¤é¥»の³Ì°ª®pの¬ì学エリートを¨|¦¨していた¡u¥¾·E¹A学®Õ¡v(²{・¥_®ü¹D¤j学)
を¨ò·~しました¡C1907¦~¡Bわずか24歳だった©¼は単¨¥x湾に´çり¡B¥x湾総·þ©²¹A¨Æ¸Õ験³õの§Þ®vに´N¥ô¡Cその¨ô¶Vした¤~¯àにより¡BÀþく¶¡に©ø¦ä³¡ªøおよび°Êª«½Òªøへとª@¶iしました¡C
¡u¥Íª«ªº¨¾°£¡vの¥ý駆ªÌ¡G
¯À¤ìは¯Â粋な学³N¬ã¨sにとどまらず¡B¥x湾の¹A·~を±Ïった^¶¯でもありました¡C1908¦~¡B¥x湾¥_³¡の¬a¾ï¶éは¥~来ºØ¡uイセリアカイガラムシ¡vによる壊·Àªºな¦ä®`にª½±していました¡C¯À¤ìは¤j胆にも¡Bアメリカからその¤Ñ¼Äである¡uベダリアテントウ¡vを¾É¤J¡Cわずか3¦~で³Q®`を§¹¥þに§íえ込み¡B¥x湾の¬a¾ï産·~を½a¦aから±Ïい¥Xしました¡C総·þ©²はこの¦¨ªGに¤jいにÅå¹Äし¡B©¼に¥¨ÃBの¤©ºâを§ëじて·sしい¬ã¨s«Çの«Ø³]や³]³Æの拡¥Rを»{めました¡Cこれが¡B«áの¥þ®q³W¼Òに¤Îぶ¤j³W¼Òな©ø¦ä¤@斉½Õ査(©ø¦ä´¶査)
へとつながっていきます¡C
学³N¬Éのº»âとしての¨¬¸ñ¡G ©¼は¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学(²{・¥x湾¤j学)
の³Ð¥ßに関わった±Ð±Âの¤@¤Hであり¡B¥x湾³Õª«学会の会ªøも°Èめました¡C©¼の±Ä¶°の¨¬¸ñは¥x湾¥þ¤g¡B¼ê´ò(ほうこ) ¡BÄõÀ¬(らんしょ)
にまで¤Îびました¡Cª½¯Í¥Ø(バッタ¡Bコオロギ) や双¯Í¥Ø(アブ¡Bハエ)
を専ªùとし¡Bその厳®æな¬ã¨s«º¶Õによって¡B当®Éの¥x湾総·þ©²©ø¦ä³¡は¥þアジアにおける³Ìも«nな©ø¦ä¤ÀÃþ学の¬ã¨s拠点の¤@つとなりました¡C
¤G¡B ¼Ð¥»«Çから³oい¤WがったµL«aの«Ò¤ý¡G·¡«n¤¯³Õ(1892¡V1984)
学°Ýの¤ý¹Dを歩み¡B°ª¦ì°ª©xに´Nいた¯À¤ì±Ð±Âに対し¡Bその§U¤âであった·¡«n¤¯³Õの¥Í²Pは¡Bまさに¡u±f¥Áのレジェンド¡vであり¡Bロマンに満ちた¼öき«_険®aの¦â±mを帯びていました¡C
¥x湾の¦aで学·~を×めたW学のÉ´説¡G
·¡«n¤¯³Õは¨R縄県¨º覇¥«に¥Íまれ¡B16歳の®Éに両¿Ëと¦@に¥x湾へ²¾¦íしました¡C©¼は¤é¥»¥»¤gの«Ò国¤j学というエリートの¥úÀôを«ùたず¡B昼は総·þ©²¹A¨Æ¸Õ験³õで働き¡B©]は¥x¥_の¡u¦¨²W学®Õ¡v(©]¶¡³¡)
で²r«j±jを«ねました¡C¼Ð¥»«Çでの©ø¦äの¹}¨|や¼Ð¥»»s§@といった³Ì¤U¼hの¤U働きからスタートした©¼は¡BそのÅå²§ªºなÖßり±jさと±¡¼öで¯À¤ì±o¤@の¤ßを°Êかし¡B¯À¤ì¤@ªùの³Ìも頼れるµ§ÀY§U¤â¡Bそして¬ã¨sûへと¤Wり¸×めたのです¡C
ÉE¯àのフィールドワークの¹F¤H¡G
·¡«n¤¯³Õは¡B鋭い観¹î¤Oと·¥めて°ªい³¥¥~¥Í¦s¯à¤OをÝね³Æえており¡Bチームにおける³Ìも«nな¡u³¥¥~±´検の®Ö¤ß¡vでした¡C©¼は¥Í²Pにわたり¡B¥x湾のチョウÃþ¡BハチÃþ(ヒメバチなど)
¡Bそして¯ù¾ð®`¦äの¤Ñ¼Äに関する¤j¶qの¬ã¨s³ø§iを発ªíしました¡C¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの30¦~¶¡において¡B©¼は¥þ¥x湾で³Ìも½×¤å発ªí数が¦hく¡B³Ìも¦h§@な¤é¥»¤H学ªÌだったのです¡C
¤sªLの¯«¸Üの発¨£ªÌ¡G ·¡«nの°^献は©ø¦äだけにとどまりません¡C¯À¤ìと¦@に¡uフトオアゲハ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º) ¡vを発ªíしたほか¡BÃúªÀ(むしゃ)
の広¤jな°ª¤sì©lªLの¤¤で¡B¥»来なら´H温帯にしか¥Í®§しないはずの氷ªe´Áの¥Íき残りである¡uタイワンサンショウウオ(Hynobius sonani)
¡vを°¸µMにも発¨£しました¡Cこのµ}¤Öな両¥ÍÃþの国の宝は¡B¤µなお·¡«nの©m¤óにちなんで¡usonani(ソナニ) ¡vと学¦Wに¨èまれています¡C
¤T¡B §¹ÂzなÉ´説のコンビ¡G°Êと静が´りなすフォルモサの²Ì
この¤G¤Hの³Õª«学ªÌの関«Yは¡B従来の単なる¤W¥qと³¡¤Uという枠²Õみをはるかに¶W¶Vしたものでした¡C¯À¤ì±o¤@がマクロな学³Nªºµø³¥¡BàT´Iな¤½ªº¸ê·½¡Bそして厳®æな¤ÀÃþ学の²z½×をÝね³Æえていたのに対し¡B·¡«n¤¯³Õは½Öにも¯u¦üできない³¥©Êのª½·P¡B¨ô¶Vした¼Ð¥»»s§@§Þ³N¡Bそして¥x湾の¤sªLに対する²`い·R±¡を«ùっていました¡C1933¦~¡B¹a¤ì§Q¤@がªìのフトオアゲハ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º)
の¼Ð¥»を±Ä¶°し¡B学¬Éに±j¯Pな½Ä撃をÉOえた«á¡B¯À¤ìは·¡«nを³sれて¦Ûら©yÄõの²`い¤s奥の渓¨¦へと¤Àけ¤Jりました¡Cそして¡BÁ¡Ãúが¥ßち込める¤¤で数¤é¶¡にわたり¨¯©ê±jく«Ýち続け¡Bついに学³N¬Éで2ÀY¥Øとなる¡Bそして¤µ«áの¬ã¨sの¦¥Ûを¿vくことになる·¥めて«nな¼Ð¥»を®·Àòしたのです¡C²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j戦²×µ²«á¡B国¥Á¬F©²が¥x湾を±µ収した»Úにも¡B¤G¤Hの学³Nªº¦a¦ìが·¥めて°ªかったことから¡B¦@に¥x湾¬Ù¹A·~¸Õ験©Òに¯d¥ôとして©Û¸uされ¡B戦«áの¥x湾における©ø¦ä学の¹B営ºû«ùに尽¤Oし続けました¡C1947¦~¡Bフォルモサの¦aで30¦~¥H¤Wも¥Í¦ºを¦@にしたこの³Ì°ªの¬Û´Îたちは¡Bようやく¤@ºüに¤Þ´²îに乗り込み¡B¤é¥»へと帰国しました¡C¤é¥»へ帰国«á¡B·¡«n¤¯³Õは¡u«n¤t¡vへと§ï©m¡C¤G¤Hは¦@に¤Ñ寿を¥þうし(¯À¤ìは¨É¦~88¡B·¡«nは¨É¦~92)
¡Bその§E¥Íを¡Bかつて¥x湾から«ùち帰った¤j¤Áな©ø¦äの°O¾Ðの¾ã²zに±·げました¡C総¬Aするならば¡Bもし¯À¤ì±o¤@の¥ý¨£の©úと¨î«×³]pがなければ¡B¥x湾の©ø¦ä¬ã¨sは国»Ú学³N¬Éにおける発¨¥権を¤íいていたでしょう¡Cそして¡Bもし·¡«n¤¯³Õが¥x湾の¤sªLで¦óÉE¦^¡B¦ó¦Ê¸U¦^と®·Âκôを®¶るい続けなければ¡Bフトオアゲハやタイワンサンショウウオ(·¡«n¤ó¤s´Ô³½)
をはじめ¡B®qのÃúの¤¤に隠されていた¦hくの¯«¯µªºな¥Í©Rのベールが剥がされるのは¡Bおそらく数¤Q¦~遅れていたに¹Hいありません¡Cこの¤G¤Hこそ¡Bフォルモサの¦ÛµM¥vにおいて³Ìもロマンチックで¡B³Ìも°¶¤jな¡u©ø¦ä¬Éの双¤l¬P(ジェミニ)
¡vなのです¡C
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºªºµo²{¸g¹L
¡@

¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º
Papilio maraho (Shiraki & Sonan), 1934
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºº«×³Q¤HÃþ®·Àò¨Ã´¦¶}±¯½ªº¹Lµ{, ³ôºÙ¥xÆW¦ÛµM¥v¤W³Ì´IÀ¸¼@©Êªº¤@¹õ¡C³o³õµo²{¶°µ²¤F¡u·N¥~ªº¥©¹J¡v¡B¡u¾Ç¬Éªº¾_Åå¡v»P¡uºÆ¨gªº°l´M¡v, ¥H¤U¬°±zÁÙì
1932 ¦~®L¤Ñ¨ºÓ¾_¾Ù©øÂάɪº¾ú¥v²{³õ¡G
¤@¡B ©R¹Bªº§Ç¹õ¡GÄõ¶§·Ë¯`ªº·N¥~¤@´§(1932¦~7¤ë)
³o³õ¹º®É¥Nªºµo²{, ³Ìªì¨Ã«D¥X¦Û³»¦yªº¬ì¬ã»·©º¶¤, ¦Ó¬O·½©ó¤@³õ¾Ç®Õªº¤á¥~¹ê²ß¡C1932¦~7¤ë¤¤¦¯, ¥¿¬O²±®L»Å´»¡C©yÄõ¹AªL¾Ç®Õ(²{°ê¥ß©yÄõ¤j¾Ç)
ªº¤éÄy³Õª«¾Ç±Ð®v¹a¤ì§Q¤@, ±a»âµÛ¾Ç¥Í«e©¹¥x¥_¦{ùªF°pÄõ¶§·Ë¯`ªº¯Q´U¤s(¦ì©ó¤µ©yÄõ¿¤¤j¦P¶m¿W¥ß¤s¤@±a) ºt²ßªL¶i¦æ©øÂαͰ¡C·í®É¤s°ÏÁ¡Ãú·¶ ,
ªeÅy¦a´²¸¨µÛ¸H¥Û¡C¦b·Ë¤ô§é®gªºªi¥ú¤¤, ¹a¤ì§Q¤@»P¨â¦ì©m¦W¤w¤£¥i¦Òªº¾Ç¥Í,
¬ðµMª`·N¨ì¤@°¦Å髬ºÓ¤j¡B¸¦æ«ººA·¥¨ä°ª¶Æªº¶Â¦â»ñ½º¥¿½w½w°¸¨¦bÀã¼íªºªeÅy¤W§l¤ô¡C¹a¤ì¦Ñ®v²´¯e¤â§Ö, ®·Âκô¦bªÅ¤¤¹º¥X¤@¹D©·½u,
¾ú¥v¤Wªº²Ä¤@°¦¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v¥¿¦¡¸¨ºô¡C ·í³o°¦½¹½º¦bºô¤¤ÀR¤î®É, ¹a¤ì§Q¤@¾_Åå¤F¡C¥¦¦³µÛ¦p¶Â¦â¤ÑÃZµ³¯ëªº¯Í»H, «á¯Í¥¿¤¤¥¡¦³¤@¶ô©{¦p¤@Ås©ú¤ëªº¥Õ´³,
§ó¤£¥i«äijªº¬O, ¥¦«á¯Íªº§Àª¬¬ð°_¼e¤j²§±`, ¸Ì±³ºµM¦³¨â±ø¯Í¯ß³e¬ï, ¥B§À¬ðÃä½t·w¬VµÛ¤@¾ã¦CÂAÆv¦p¦åªº³½§Àª¬¬õ´³¡C
¤G¡B ¾Ç¬Éªº¾_¾Ù¡G¯À¤ì±Ð±Âªº¡u¤£¥i¯à¡v
¹a¤ì§Q¤@²`ª¾³o°¦½¹½ºµ´«D´M±`¤§ª«, ¥L¥ß¨è±N³o¨ã¬Ã¶Qªº¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»±a¦^¥x¥_, ¿Ë¦Ûµnªù«ô³X·í®É¥xÆW©øÂξǬɪº³Ì°ªÅv«Â¡X¡X¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç±Ð±Â¯À¤ì±o¤@¡C
·í¯À¤ì±Ð±Â±q¼Ð¥»²°¤¤¬Ý¨ì³o°¦½¹½º®É, ª½±µ´h¦b·í³õ, ¬Æ¦Ü¤j©I¡u¤£¥i¯à¡I¡v¡C¦]¬°¦b·í®Éªº°ê»Ú©øÂξǬÉ, ´¶¹M»{¬°³oºØ¡uÂù¯ß³e¬ï¼e§À¬ð¡vªº©_¯S½¹½º,
¬Oªø¦¿¬y°ì¤@±a¤¤°ê¤j³°¯S¦³ªº¡u¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º¡v(Agehana elwesi) ¡C¦b©tÄa®ü¤Wªº¼ö±a®qÀ¬¥xÆW, ©~µM¤]¦s¦b³o¼Ëªº¦Bªe¤m¿òª«ºØ,
³o¹ý©³ÄAÂФF·í®ÉªF¨È¥Íª«¦a²z¾Çªº»{ª¾¡C µM¦Ó, ¯À¤ì±Ð±Â¥H¨äÄYÂÔªºªv¾ÇºA«×«ü¥X¡G³o°¦¥xÆW¼Ð¥»ªº¬õ´³¤ñ¤j³°ªº§ó¥[©úÆv¡B¥Õ´³½d³ò¤]¤£¦P,
¥¦µ´¹ï¬O¤@Ó¥þ·sªº¿W¥ßª«ºØ¡I¦ý¶È¾Ì¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤â¤W³o°ß¤@¤@°¦¡u©t¥»¡v, ¦b¬ì¾Çµoªí¤W·¥¨ã·ÀI¡C¬°¤F·V«°_¨£, ¯À¤ì±Ð±Â¨M©w²Õ´¤@³õ¤£±¤¤u¥»ªº¡uÂy½º»·©º¡v¡C
¤T¡B ¤K¦Ê¶êªººÆ¨g°l´M¡G²`¤s·Ë¨¦ªº»¨½ä(1933¦~5¤ë)
¬°¤F®·Àò²Ä¤G°¦ÓÅé¥H½T¥ß·sª«ºØªº¦a¦ì, 1933¦~5¤ë, ¯À¤ì±o¤@±a»â§U¤â·¡«n¤¯³Õ¤Î±Ä¶°¹Î¶¤, «ªð¹a¤ì§Q¤@µo²{½¹½ºªº©yÄõ¿W¥ß¤s·Ë¨¦¡C ·í®ÉÁ`·þ©²¹ï¦¹°ª«×«µø,
¼·¥X¤F¤@µ§¦b·í®É³ôºÙ¤Ñ¤å¼Æ¦rªºÃe¤j®È¶O»PÄa½àª÷¡C¯À¤ì±Ð±Â»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ¦b¬r³D¸vh¡BºÄ¯e¾î¦æ¥B¤´¦³¥X¯ó¶Ç»Dªº®õ¶®±Ú²`¤s¤¤²ÏÀç¡C¥L̳»µÛ¤s°ÏÅܤ۲ö´úªº¼É«B,
¦b·Ë¨¦Ãä¡B檫¾ðªL¤U¤£¤À±Þ©]¦a¦º¦u¤F¼Æ¤Ñ¼Æ©]¡C ¶À¤Ñ¤£tW¤ß¤H, 1933¦~5¤ë19¤é, ¦b¤s¥Á»P¹Î¶¤ªº³ò®·¤U, ²Ä¤G°¦¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º(ªþ¼Ò¼Ð¥»)
²×©ó¦b¦P¤@ӷ˨¦³Q¯À¤ì±Ð±Â¿Ë¤â®·Àò¡I ³o½ë¯Ó¶O¥¨¤jªº»·©º, ³s¦P©Ò¦³ª«¸ê¡B¤H¤O»P«Å¶Ç, µ²ºâ¤U¨ÓÁ`¦@ªá¶O¤F±Nªñ¤K¦Ê¶ê¤é¹ô¡C¦b·í®É,
³oµ§¿ú¨¬¥H¦b¥x¥_¥«¤¤¤ß¶R¤U¤@´Éºë½oªº¤é¦¡Ëm«Î¡C³oÓ¥Rº¡¶Ç©_¦â±mªº¼Æ¦r, ¤]ÀHµÛ³o°¦½¹½ºªº¦¨¥\®·Àò¦Ó¶Ç¹M°ê»Ú, Åý¥¦¦b¦¬Âìɱo¦W¡u¤K¦Ê¶ê½º¡vªº«Ê¸¹¡C
¥|¡B ¾ú¥vªº©w®æ¡G¥[°Ã¬°¤sªL©ªø (1934¦~)
¦³¤F¨â°¦½TÆwªº¶¯½º¼Ð¥»«á, ¯À¤ì±o¤@»P·¡«n¤¯³Õ²×©ó©³®ð¤Q¨¬¡C1934¦~, ¥L̦V¥@¬É¥¿¦¡µoªí¤F³oÓ¾_¾Ù®ü内¥~ªº¥xÆW¯S¦³·sºØ,
¨Ã·P©À³o°¦½¹½º¬O¦b®õ¶®±Úªº¸t¤s»P·Ë¨¦¤¤³Q¥¥¨|, ¯S§O±N¨ä©R¦W¬° Papilio maraho (Shiraki & Sonan, 1934) , Maraho,
¥¿¬O®õ¶®±Ú»y¤¤ªº¡uÀY¥Ø(©ªø) ¡v¡C±qÄõ¶§·Ë¯`¹a¤ì§Q¤@ÅåÆvªº¤@´§, ¨ì¯À¤ì¡B·¡«n¨â¥N¤j®vÂY¤dª÷ªº²`¤sWÔ, ³o°¦¸¶V¤F¤d¸U¦~¦Bªe·³¤ëªº¡u¤Û¤§½º¡v,
²×©ó¦b¤éªv¥xÆWªº©øÂλx¤W, °ª¶Æ¦aÀ¹¤W¤FÄݩ󥦪º©ªø¬Ó«a¡C
The Discovery of the Agehana maraho
The story of how the Agehana maraho was first captured and revealed to the world
stands as one of the most dramatic chapters in Taiwan's natural history. This
discovery combined a stroke of serendipity, academic shock, and a frantic
pursuit. Here is a recreation of that historic moment in the summer of 1932 that
shook the entomological world:
I. The Prelude of Destiny: An Expected Swing by the Lanyang River
(July 1932)
This epoch-making discovery did not originate from a top-tier scientific
expedition, but rather from a school field trip. In mid-July 1932, during the
scorching midsummer heat, Riichi Suzuki, a Japanese natural history teacher at
Yilan Agricultural and Forestry School (now National Yilan University), led his
students to the experimental forest of Wumao Mountain (located near today's Duli
Mountain in Datong Township, Yilan County) by the Lanyang River in Luodong
District, Taipei Prefecture, for insect collection. At that time, a light mist
blanketed the mountains, and the riverbank was strewn with gravel. Amidst the
shimmering reflections of the river, Suzuki and two students, whose names are
now lost to history, suddenly noticed a massive black swallowtail butterfly with
an exceptionally proud flight posture slowly landing on the moist riverbank to
drink water. Quick-witted and fast-acting, Teacher Suzuki swung his insect net
through the air, and the first Agehana maraho in history was officially
captured. When the butterfly settled inside the net, Suzuki was stunned. It
possessed wings like black velvet, a crescent-moon-like white patch right in the
center of its hindwings, and most incredibly, its tail-like projections were
extraordinarily wide, uniquely traversed by two wing veins, with the edges of
the tails rimmed with a row of fish-tail-shaped crimson spots as vivid as blood.
II. Academic Shock: Professor Shiraki's "Impossible!"
Knowing this butterfly was far from ordinary, Riichi Suzuki immediately brought
this precious type specimen back to Taipei. He personally visited the highest
authority in Taiwanese entomology at the time, Professor Tokuichi Shiraki of
Taihoku Imperial University. When Professor Shiraki saw the butterfly in the
specimen box, he was frozen on the spot and even shouted, "Impossible!" In the
international entomological community back then, it was widely believed that
this peculiar butterfly with "two veins traversing a wide tail" was the Agehana
elwesi, a species endemic to the Yangtze River basin in mainland China. The
existence of such an ice-age relict species on Taiwan, an island isolated at
sea, completely overturned the existing understanding of East Asian
biogeography. However, with his rigorous scientific approach, Professor Shiraki
pointed out that the red spots on this Taiwanese specimen were more vibrant than
those on the mainland species, and the distribution of the white patch was also
different; it was undoubtedly a brand-new, distinct species! Yet, relying solely
on this single "unique copy" in Suzuki's possession carried great risk for
scientific publication. To exercise caution, Professor Shiraki decided to
organize an all-out, no-expense-spared "butterfly-hunting expedition."
III. The Crazy Pursuit of Eight Hundred Yen: A Gamble in the Deep
Mountain Gorges (May 1933)
To establish its status as a new species by capturing a second specimen,
Tokuichi Shiraki led his assistant Jinhaku Sonan and a collection team back to
the Yilan Duli Mountain gorge in May 1933, where Riichi Suzuki had first
discovered the butterfly. At the time, the Governor-General's Office attached
great importance to this mission, allocating a massive amount of travel funds
and bounties that was considered an astronomical sum back then. Professor
Shiraki and Jinhaku Sonan set up camp deep in the mountains of the Atayal tribe,
a place plagued by venomous snakes, rampant malaria, and lingering rumors of
headhunting. Braving the unpredictable torrential rains of the mountains, they
kept a non-stop, day-and-night vigil for several days along the riverbanks and
under the sassafras forests. Heaven rewards the diligent¡Xon May 19, 1933, with
the joint efforts of the local mountain villagers and the team, the second
Agehana maraho (paratype) was finally captured by Professor Shiraki's own hands
in the exact same gorge! This immensely expensive expedition, including all
supplies, manpower, and publicity, cost a total of nearly 800 Japanese yen upon
final settlement. At that time, this sum was enough to purchase an exquisite
Japanese-style townhouse (Machiya) in the center of Taipei City. This legendary
figure spread internationally alongside the successful capture of the butterfly,
earning it the title of the "Eight Hundred Yen Butterfly" in the collecting
world.
IV. Frozen in History: Crowned as the Chieftain of the Mountain Forests (1934)
With two verified male butterfly specimens in hand, Tokuichi Shiraki and Jinhaku
Sonan finally had absolute confidence. In 1934, they officially published this
new species endemic to Taiwan, sending shockwaves through the scientific
community both at home and abroad. Grateful that this butterfly was nurtured in
the sacred mountains and gorges of the Atayal tribe, they specially named it
Papilio maraho (Shiraki & Sonan, 1934). "Maraho" is precisely the Atayal word
for "chief" or "chieftain." From Riichi Suzuki's stunning net-swing by the
Lanyang River to the grueling, fortune-spending wait in the deep mountains by
two generations of masters, Shiraki and Sonan, this "phantom butterfly" that had
flown through thousands of years of the Ice Age finally and proudly donned its
chieftain's crown in the entomological annals of Japanese-ruled Taiwan.
¡@
タイワンカラスアゲハ(Agehana maraho
, タイワンフチグロオオアゲハ) の発¨£の経½n
タイワンフチグロオオアゲハがªìめて¤HÃþに®·Àòされ¡Bそのベールを脱いだ¹Lµ{は¡B¥x湾の¦ÛµM¥vにおいて³Ìもドラマチックな¤@¹õと¨¥えます¡Cこの発¨£は¡u°¸µMの©_¹J¡v¡B¡u学¬Éの¿E¾_¡v¡B¡u¨g気ªºな°l¸ñ¡vが´りなすª«»yであり¡B¥H¤Uに1932¦~®L¡B©ø¦ä¬Éを¾_¾Ùさせた歴¥vªº²{³õを¦A²{します¡G
¤@¡B
¹B©Rの§Ç¹õ¡GÄõ¶§渓のほとりでの°¸µMの¤@®¶り(1932¦~7¤ë)
この画´Áªºな発¨£は¡B当ªì¡B¤@¬yの¬ì学½Õ査¶¤によるものではなく¡Bある学®Õの®Õ¥~実²ßから©lまりました¡C1932¦~7¤ë¤¤¦¯¡B²±®Lの²r´»の¤¤¡C©yÄõ¹AªL学®Õ(²{・国¥ß©yÄõ¤j学)
の¤é¥»¤H³Õª«学±Ð®vであった¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤óは¡B¥Í®{たちを²vいて¥x¥_¦{ùªF°pÄõ¶§渓のほとりにある¯Q´U¤s(²{¦bの©yÄõ県¤j¦P郷独¥ß¤sの¤@帯)
のºt²ßªLへ©ø¦ä±Ä¶°に¥Xかけました¡C当®É¡B¤sにはうっすらとÃúが¥ßち込め¡Bªeìには¤p¥Ûが´²らばっていました¡C¤t±に¤Ï®gする¥úの¤¤で¡B¹a¤ì¥ý¥Íと¦W«eの残っていない¤G¤Hの¥Í®{は¡B«D±`に気°ªくÀu¶®に¸ぶ¡B¤j«¬の黒いアゲハチョウが¡B湿ったªeìにゆっくりと°りて¤ôを§lっているのに¬ðµM気づきました¡C¹a¤ì¥ý¥Íは¯À¦く¦ä¨úりºôを®¶り¡B歴¥v¤W³Ìªìの¤@¤Çとなる¡uタイワンフチグロオオアゲハ¡vを¨£¨Æに®·Àòしました¡C
ºôの¤¤で½ºが静¤îしたとき¡B¹a¤ì¤óは´jµMとしました¡Cそれはまるで黒い¤Ñ鵞µ³(ベルベット) のような¯Í(はね)
を«ùち¡B«á¯Íの¤¤¥¡には¤T¤é¤ëのような¥Õい´³¯¾があり¡Bさらに«Hじられないことに¡B«á¯Íの§À状¬ð°_が²§±`に´T広く¡Bなんとその¤¤に2¥»の¯Í¯ßが³qっていたのです¡Cそして§À¬ðの縁には¡B¦åのようにÂAやかな³½の§Àの§Îをした¨ª¦â´³が¨Ãんでいました¡C
¤G¡B 学¬Éの¿E¾_¡G¯À¤ì±Ð±Âの¡uあり±oない¡I¡v
¹a¤ì§Q¤@¤óはこの½ºがただものではないと½T«Hし¡Bすぐにこの¶Q«な¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»を¥x¥_に«ùち帰り¡B当®Éの¥x湾©ø¦ä学¬Éの³Ì°ª権«Âであった¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学の¯À¤ì±o¤@±Ð±Âを¦Ûら³Xねました¡C
¯À¤ì±Ð±Âが¼Ð¥»½cの¤¤のこの½ºを¨£たとき¡Bその³õで¨¥¸を¥¢い¡B¡uあり±oない¡I¡vと¤j声をあげたといいます¡Cなぜなら当®Éの国»Ú©ø¦ä学¬Éでは¡Bこのような¡u2¥»の¯Í¯ßが³qる´T広い§À¬ð¡vを«ùつ©_§®な½ºは¡Bªø¦¿¬y°ì¤@帯の¤¤国¤j³°¯S産ºØである¡uシナフチグロオオアゲハ(Agehana
elwesi) ¡vだけだと¤@¯ëに¦Òえられていたからです¡C®üに©t¥ßした¼ö帯の®qである¥x湾に¡Bこのような氷ªe´Áの¥Íき残り(¿ò¦sºØ)
が¦s¦bするとは¡B当®ÉのªFアジアの¥Íª«¦a²z学の»{ª¾を®Ú¥»からÂÐすものでした¡C
しかし¡B¯À¤ì±Ð±Âはその厳®æな学°Ýへの«º¶Õから¡Bこの¥x湾の¼Ð¥»は¤j³°のものよりも¨ª¦â´³がÂAやかであり¡B¥Õ´³の½d囲も²§なるため¡B§¹¥þに独¥ßした·sºØであると«üºKしました¡Cしかし¡B¹a¤ì¤óの¤âにあるこの°ß¤@の¡u¤@¤Ç(ユニークピース)
¡vだけで学³N発ªíを¦æうことは¡B¬ì学ªºには·¥めてリスクが°ªいものでした¡C·V«を´Áすため¡B¯À¤ì±Ð±Âは¶O¥Îを±¤しまない¤@¤j¡u®·½º»·©º¶¤¡vを²Õ´することを¨M·Nしたのです¡C
¤T¡B ¤K¦Ê円の¨g気ªºな°l¸ñ¡G²`¤s渓¨¦の»¨½ä(1933¦~5¤ë)
·sºØとしての¦a¦ìを½T¥ßするために2ÀY¥ØのÓÊ^を®·Àòすべく¡B1933¦~5¤ë¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@は§U¤âの·¡«n¤¯³Õおよび±Ä¶°チームを²vい¡B¹a¤ì§Q¤@が½ºを発¨£した©yÄõ・独¥ß¤sの渓¨¦へと¦Aびuいた¡C
当®É¡B¥x湾総·þ©²はこの¥óを·¥めて«nµøし¡B当®Éとしては¤Ñ¤å学ªºな数¦rとも¨¥える¥¨ÃBの®È¶OとÄa½àª÷を拠¥Xした¡C¯À¤ì±Ð±Âと·¡«n¤¯³Õは¡B¬r³Dが³oい¦^り¡Bマラリアが½¯©µし¡Bさらに¥X¯ó(º¬¼り)
のä÷もまだ残るタイヤル±Úの²`¤sの¤¤にキャンプを±iった¡C©¼らは¤s¯S¦³の変¤Æの¿Eしい»¨«Bに@えながら¡B渓¨¦のそばやカラスザンショウ(タイワンササフラス)
のªLの¤Uで¡B昼©]を°Ýわず数¤é¶¡にわたり¦º¦uし続けた¡C
¤Ñは§V¤OをùؤÁらない¡C1933¦~5¤ë19¤é¡B¦a¤¸の¤s¥Áとチームの¥]囲ºôのもと¡Bついに2ÀY¥Øのタイワンフタオツバメ(パラタイプ¼Ð¥»)
が¡B¦Pじ渓¨¦で¯À¤ì±Ð±Â¦Û¨の¤âによって®·Àòされたのである¡I
この²ö¤jな¶O¥Îを§ëじた»·©ºは¡Bすべてのª«¸ê¡B¤H¤â¡B«ÅÉ´を§tめ¡B³Ì²×ªºなºëºâで800円ªñくの¤é¥»円に¹Fした¡C当®É¡Bこの¤jª÷は¥x¥_の¥«¤¤¤ß³¡にºë¥©な¤é¥»¦¡のËm®aを1°aÁʤJできるほどのものであった¡CこのÉ´説ªºな数¦rは¡B½ºの®·Àò¦¨¥\とともにÀþく¶¡に国»Úªºな¸ÜÃDとなり¡B収¶°¬Éにおいて¡u¤K¦Ê円½º¡vという称号をもたらすこととなった¡C
¥|¡B
歴¥vの©w®æ¡G¤sªLの©ªøへとÀ¹«a(1934¦~)
2ÀYの½T実な¶¯の¼Ð¥»を¤âにしたことで¡B¯À¤ì±o¤@と·¡«n¤¯³Õはついに絶対ªºな¦Û«Hを±oた¡C1934¦~¡B©¼らは国内¥~を¾_¾Ùさせたこの¥x湾¯S¦³の·sºØを¥¿¦¡に発ªíした¡Cそして¡Bこの½ºがタイヤル±Úの¸tなる¤sと渓¨¦に¨|まれたことに·PÁÂを込め¡B学¦Wを
Papilio maraho(Shiraki & Sonan, 1934) と©R¦Wした¡C¡uMaraho(マラホ) ¡vとは¡Bまさにタイヤル±Úの¨¥¸で¡uÀY¥Ø(©ªø)
¡vを·N¨ýする¡CÄõ¶§渓のほとりでの¹a¤ì§Q¤@のÂAやかな¤@®¶りから¡B¯À¤ì・·¡«nという¤G¥Nの¤j®aによる¤jª÷を§ëじた²`¤sでのW闘の«Ýち¥ñせまで¡B¦ó¤dÉE¦~もの氷ªe´Áを¸び¶Vえてきたこの¡u¤Ûの½º¡vは¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの¥x湾©ø¦ä»xにおいて¡Bついに¦Ûらの©ªøの¤ý«aを¸ØらしげにÀ¹いたのである¡C
¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»²{¦b¦ó³B ?
¹a¤ì§Q¤@·í¦~ªºº°¦°êÄ_¼Ð¥»(§Y¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºªº¡u¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥»¡v, Holotype) , ¦p¤µ³Q§¹¦n¦a«O¦s¦b°ê¥ß»OÆW¤j¾Ç©øÂμХ»À](¦ì©ó¥x¥_¥«¤j¦w°Ï) ¤¤¡C
³o°¦¼Ð¥»ªº¨åÂûP«O¦sI´º, ¦³µÛ«D±`²`«pªº¾ú¥v¶Ç©Ó¡G
¤@¡B ¥@¬ö¬ÃÄ_ªº¨åÂø¨¸}³B
1932 ¦~¹a¤ì§Q¤@¦b©yÄõµo²{³o°¦½¹½º«á, ±N¨ä±H¥æµ¹¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç(²{¥xÆW¤j¾Ç) ªº¯À¤ì±o¤@±Ð±Â¶i¦æÅ²©w¡C1934 ¦~¥¿¦¡µoªí·sºØ®É,
³o°¦º«×¸¨ºôªº¶¯½º«K³Q«ü©w¬°¡u¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥»¡v¡CÀH«á, ¯À¤ì±Ð±Â©ó 1933 ¦~ªá¶O¥¨¸ê¿Ë¤â®·Àòªº²Ä¤G°¦¶¯½º, «h§@¬°¡u°Æ¼Ò¼Ð¥»¡v(Paratype) ¤@¦P¯d¦s¡C
¤G¾Ôµ²§ô«á, ¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç§ï¨î¬°°ê¥ß»OÆW¤j¾Ç¡C·í®É¤éÄy±Ð±Â̺MÂ÷¥xÆW, ¦ý³o§å¦b¤éªv®É´Á¾ú¸g¤d¨¯¸UW±Ä¶°¨ìªº¡B·¥¨ä¬Ã¶Qªº¥xÆW¥Íª«¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»,
¥þ¼Æ§¹¾ã¦a²¾¥æµ¹¤F¥x¤j©øÂξǨt(«e¨¬°¥x¥_«Ò¤j©øÂξÇÁ¿®y) Ä~Äò±x¤ß·Ó®Æ¡C
¤G¡B ³Õª«À]¤¤ªº¡uÂíÀ]¤§Ä_¡v
¦b¥x¤j©øÂμХ»À]¶W¹L 33 ¸U¥óªºÃe¤jÀ]Âä¤, ³o°¦¥Ñ¹a¤ì§Q¤@±Ä¶°ªº¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥», ²@µLºÃ°Ý¬OÂíÀ]¤§Ä_¡C
«O¦sª¬ºA¡G¥¦³Q¦s©ñ¦bÀ]¤ºªº«í·Å«íÀã±K³¬¼Ð¥»Âd¤¤, ¯Í»H¤Wªº¶Â¦â¤ÑÃZµ³½è·P¡B¥Õ´³»P«á¯Í©úÆvªº³½§Àª¬¬õ´³, ¾ú¸g±Nªñ¦Ê¦~ªº·³¤ë¨Ì²M´·¥i¿ë¡C
¾ú¥v¼ÐÅÒ¡G¼Ð¥»¤U¤è¤´«O¯dµÛ·í¦~ªº¦Ñ¤â¼g¼ÐÅÒ, ¤W±¥Î¿ûµ§¦r¸ñºÝ¥¿¦a¼gµÛ±Ä¶°¤H¡uSuzuki¡v(¹a¤ì) ¡B±Ä¶°®É¶¡¡uJuly, 1932¡v¥H¤Î±Ä¶°¦aÂI¡uUmoshi¡v(¯Q´U¤s/¯Q´U¤l¤tì)
, ¨£ÃÒ¤F¨ºÓºÖº¸¼¯¨F¦ÛµMµo²{¥vªº¶Àª÷¦~¥N¡C
¥Ñ©ó¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥»¬O¥þ¥@¬É¥Î¨Ó©w¸q¸Óª«ºØªº°ß¤@³Ì°ª¬ì¾Ç¨Ì¾Ú, ·¥¨ã¾Ç³N¯«¸t©Ê, ¤@¯ë³q±`¦s©ñ¦b«D¹ï¥~¶}©ñªº¾Ç³N®w©Ð¤¤±µ¨ü±M®a¾ÇªÌªº¬ã¨s¡C¤£¹L,
¥x¤j©øÂμХ»À]³]¦³®i¥ÜÆU»P¯S®i«Ç, ¸g±`·|®i¥X¼e§À»ñ½ºªº¬Ã¶Q¥ÍºA¬ã¨s¤Î¬ÛÃö½Æ»s«~, ¨Ñ³ß·R¦ÛµM¥vªº¥Á²³°ÑÆ[°Ñ«ô¡C
¡@
Where is the Type Specimen Now ?
The very first national treasure specimen captured by Riichi Suzuki (the "holotype"
of the Agehana maraho) is now perfectly preserved in the National Taiwan
University (NTU) Insect Museum, located in the Da'an District of Taipei City.
The curation and preservation background of this specimen carries a profound
historical legacy:
I. The Final Home of a Century-Old Treasure
After discovering this butterfly in Yilan in 1932, Riichi Suzuki sent it
to Professor Tokuichi Shiraki at Taihoku Imperial University (now National
Taiwan University) for identification. When the new species was officially
published in 1934, this first-ever captured male butterfly was designated as the
"holotype." Subsequently, the second male butterfly, which Professor Shiraki
spent a fortune to capture with his own hands in 1933, was retained alongside it
as the "paratype." Following the end of World War II, Taihoku Imperial
University was reorganized into National Taiwan University. Although the
Japanese professors evacuated Taiwan at that time, this collection of extremely
precious Taiwanese biological type specimens¡Xwhich had been gathered through
immense hardships during the Japanese colonial period¡Xwas handed over in its
entirety to the NTU Department of Entomology (formerly the Chair of Entomology
at Taihoku Imperial University) for continued and meticulous care.
II. The "Crown Jewel" of the Museum
Among the massive collection of over 330,000 items in the NTU Insect
Museum, this holotype of the Agehana maraho collected by Riichi Suzuki is
undisputedly the crown jewel of the museum.
Preservation Status: It is kept inside the museum's temperature- and
humidity-controlled sealed specimen cabinets. Even after nearly a century, the
black velvet texture of its wings, the white patches, and the bright,
fish-tail-shaped red spots on its hindwings remain vividly distinguishable.
Historical Labels: Retained beneath the specimen are the original, aged
handwritten labels from that era. Written neatly in fountain pen ink are the
collector's name "Suzuki," the collection time "July, 1932," and the collection
locality "Umoshi" (Wumaoshan / Umoshi-kawara), standing as a testament to that
golden age of Formosan natural discovery history.
Because a holotype serves as the sole, ultimate scientific benchmark worldwide
for defining a species, it holds immense academic sanctity and is typically
stored in academic repositories that are closed to the general public, reserved
only for research by experts and scholars. However, the NTU Insect Museum
features an exhibition hall and special exhibition rooms, which frequently
display precious ecological research and replicas of the Agehana maraho for
nature history enthusiasts to visit and admire.
¡@
¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»は²{¦bどこに¡H
¹a¤ì§Q¤@が当®É±Ä¶°したªìの国宝¯Å¼Ð¥»(すなわちタイワンフタオツバメの¡u¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥»¡þホロタイプ¡v)
は¡B²{¦b¡B¥x¥_¥«¤j¦w区にある国¥ß¥x湾¤j学©ø¦ä¼Ð¥»À]に¨}¦nな状ºAで«OºÞされている¡Cこの¼Ð¥»の収蔵と«O¦sのI´ºには¡B«D±`に²`い歴¥vのÉ´©Óがある¡C
¤@¡B ¥@¬öの¦Ü宝が˦り着いた¦w¦íの¦a
1932¦~に¹a¤ì§Q¤@が©yÄõでこの½ºを発¨£した«á¡BŲ©wのために¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学(²{・¥x湾¤j学)
の¯À¤ì±o¤@±Ð±Âのもとへと°eられた¡C1934¦~に·sºØとして¥¿¦¡発ªíされた»Ú¡Bこの³Ìªìにºôに収まった¶¯のÓÊ^が¡u¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥»(ホロタイプ)
¡vに«ü©wされた¡Cその«á¡B¯À¤ì±Ð±Âが1933¦~に¥¨¶Oを§ëじて¦Ûらの¤âで®·Àòした2ÀY¥Øの¶¯は¡B¡u°Æ¼Ò¼Ð¥»(パラタイプ) ¡vとして¦@に残されることとなった¡C
²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j戦の²×µ²«á¡B¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学は国¥ß¥x湾¤j学へと§ï²Õされた¡C当®É¡B¤é¥»¤H±Ð±Â°}は¥x湾をÂ÷れることとなったが¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nに´X¦hのWÃøを経て±Ä¶°されたこれら·¥めて¶Q«な¥x湾の¥Íª«¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥»は¡Bすべて§¹¥þな§Îで¥x湾¤j学©ø¦ä学¨t(«e¨の¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学©ø¦ä学Á¿®y)
へと¤Þき継がれ¡B¤Þき続き²Ó¤ßのª`·Nを払って¦uられることとなった¡C
¤G¡B ³Õª«À]における¡u³Ì°ªのÀ]宝¡v
¥x湾¤j学©ø¦ä¼Ð¥»À]が¸Øる33ÉE点を¶Wえる¿±¤jな収蔵«~の¤¤で¡B¹a¤ì§Q¤@によって±Ä¶°されたこのタイワンフタオツバメの¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥»は¡B¯Éれもなく³Ì°ªのÀ]宝(タウン・オブ・ザ・トレジャー)
である¡C
«O¦s状ºA¡G À]内のùÚ温ùÚ湿に«Oたれた±K³¬¦¡の¼Ð¥»キャビネットに«OºÞされており¡B¯Íの黒い¤ÑÃZµ³(ビロード)
のような½è·P¡B¥Õ´³¡Bそして«á¯ÍのÂAやかな³½の§Àのような§Îの¨ª´³は¡B100¦~ªñくの歳¤ëを経た¤µなおÂA©úにÃѧOすることができる¡C
歴¥vªºラベル¡G ¼Ð¥»の¤Uには当®Éの¥jい¤â®Ñきのラベルが¤µも残されている¡CそこにはÉE¦~µ§のºÝ¥¿なµ§¸ñで¡B±Ä¶°ªÌ¡uSuzuki(¹a¤ì) ¡v¡B±Ä¶°®É´Á¡uJuly,
1932¡v¡B±Ä¶°¦a¡uUmoshi(¯Q´U¤s¡þ¯Q´U¤l¤tì) ¡vと°Oされており¡Bフォルモサ(¥x湾) の¦ÛµM発¨£¥vにおける黄ª÷®É¥Nを¤µにÉ´えている¡C
¥¿¼Ò¼Ð¥»はそのª«ºØを©w¸qするための¥@¬Éで°ß¤@の³Ì°ª¬ì学ªº®Ú拠であり¡B·¥めて°ªい学³Nªº¯«¸t©Êを«ùつため¡B³q±`は¤@¯ë¤½¶}されていない学³N¥Î®w©Ðに«OºÞされ¡B専ªù®aや¬ã¨sªÌの½Õ査に¨Ñされている¡Cしかし¡B¥x湾¤j学©ø¦ä¼Ð¥»À]には®i¥Üホールや¯S§O®i¥Ü«Çが³]けられており¡Bタイワンフタオツバメの¶Q«な¥ÍºA¬ã¨sや関³sするレプリカがÀWÁcに®i¥Üされ¡B¦ÛµM¥vを·Rする¤@¯ëの¤H々が観覧・¨£学できるようになっている¡C
ªþ¥[½¹½º«~ºØ¸Ñ»¡
Additional butterfly species description
チョウの«~ºØ¸Ñ説を²K¥I
¡@

¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º(Agehana
elwesi) ¥Õ´³«¬.Agehana elwesi f. cavaleriei (Leech), 1898.

¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º(Agehana elwesi) ¶Â¦â«¬.Agehana
elwesi f. elwesi (Leech), 1898
¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º(Agehana elwesi) »P¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º(Papilio maraho) ªº¼Ð¥»¹ï¤ñ¡C¨ä¤¤, ¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º(Agehana elwesi)
ÁÙ¥]§t¡u¥Õ´³«¬¡vAgehana elwesi f. cavaleriei (Leech), 1898. ¤Î¡u¶Â¦â«¬¡vAgehana elwesi f.
elwesi (Leech), 1898. ¨âºØ§ÎºA¡C
A
specimen comparison between the Chinese broad-tailed swallowtail (Agehana elwesi)
and the Taiwanese broad-tailed swallowtail (Papilio maraho), where Agehana
elwesi further includes two distinct forms: the white-spotted form, Agehana
elwesi f. cavaleriei (Leech), 1898, and the black form, Agehana elwesi f. elwesi
(Leech), 1898.
シナワニグチアゲハ(Agehana elwesi) とタイワンワニグチアゲハ(Papilio maraho)
の¼Ð¥»¤ñ¸û¡Cなお¡Bシナワニグチアゲハ(Agehana elwesi) には¡u¥Õ´³«¬¡vAgehana elwesi f. cavaleriei(Leech),
1898. と¡u黒¦â«¬¡vAgehana elwesi f. elwesi (Leech), 1898. の2つの§ÎºAが¦s¦bする¡C

ª÷´³³ñ»ñ½ºªZ¦i¨ÈºØ
Teinopalpus aureus wuyiensis Lee, 1992,
(¤¤¦@°ê I ¯Å«OÅ@ª«ºØ)
ª÷´³³ñ»ñ½ºªZ¦i¨ÈºØ¬O¤¤°ê¤j³°¿W¦³ªº¤¤¦@°ê¤@¯Å«OÅ@³¥¥Í°Êª«, ³QÅA¬°¡u½º¤¤¬Ó¦Z¡v»P¡u¥@¬É½¹½º¤k¤ý¡v¡C¨eÌ¥Dn´Ï®§©óºÖ«ØªZ¦i¤sµ¥¤¤§C®ü©Þªºì¥Í±`ºñÁ︪L¤¤,
¼Æ¶q·¥¨äµ}¤Ö¥B±Ä¶°·¥Ãø¡C¶¯½º«e¯Í¨ã¦³½AÀöªº»Aºñ¦âÅì¤ù, «á¯Í«h¦³¤@¶ô¼Ð»x©Êªºª÷¶À¦â¤j´³, ¸µ¾®ÉµØÄRÄ£²´, ¨ã¦³·¥°ªªº¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s»P¥ÍºA«OÅ@»ùÈ¡C
Wuyi Subspecies of Golden Kaiser-i-Hind
Teinopalpus aureus wuyiensis Lee, 1992, (CPC Class I
Protected Species)
The Wuyi subspecies of the Golden Kaiser-i-Hind is a wild animal under CPC Class
I Protection endemic to mainland China, hailed as the "Queen of Butterflies" and
the "Queen of the World's Butterflies." They primarily inhabit primary evergreen
broad-leaved forests at low to medium altitudes, such as in the Wuyi Mountains
of Fujian. Their population is extremely sparse, making them exceptionally
difficult to collect. The forewings of the male butterfly are covered with
shimmering emerald-green scales, while the hindwings feature a signature, large
golden-yellow patch. Splendid and dazzling in flight, this subspecies holds
immense value for both scientific research and ecological conservation.
オウゴンアゲハªZ¦i亜ºØ Teinopalpus aureus wuyiensis
Lee, 1992, (¤¤国¦@産ÐÞ¤@¯Å«OÅ@³¥¥Í°Êª«)
オウゴンアゲハªZ¦i(ぶい)
亜ºØは¡B¤¤国¥»¤g©T¦³の¤¤国¦@産ÐÞ¤@¯Å«OÅ@³¥¥Í°Êª«であり¡B¡uチョウの¤k¤ý¡vや¡u¥@¬Éのチョウの¤k¤ý¡vと称えられています¡C¥DにºÖ«Ø¬ÙのªZ¦i¤sなど¡B¤¤§C¼Ð°ªのì¥Í±`緑広¸¾ðªLに¥Í®§していますが¡Bその数は·¥めて¤Öなく¡B±Ä¶°は·¥めて§xÃøです¡C¶¯の¦¨¦äの«e¯ÍにはきらめくエメラルドグリーンのÅ쯻があり¡B«á¯Íにはシンボルである¤jきなª÷黄¦âの´³¯¾があります¡C¸µ¾する«ºはµØÄRで¥Øを¹Üうほど¬üしく¡B°ªい¬ì学¬ã¨s価値と¥ÍºA¨t«OÅ@価値を«ùっています¡C
¡@
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¦b¾Ç¦W¤WªºÅܤÆ
¡@

¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º
Papilio maraho (Shiraki & Sonan), 1934
¡@
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¤§©Ò¥H¦³¨âӾǦW,
¬O¦]¬°¬ì¾Ç¬É¹ï¨eÀ³¸ÓÂkÄÝ©óþ¤@Ó¡uÄÝ¡v¦s¦b¤£¦Pªº¤ÀÃþÆ[ÂI¡C¦b¥Íª«©R¦Wªk¤¤, ³oºØ²{¶H«D±`´¶¹M, ³q±`¬O¥Ñ©ó·s¬ã¨s(¨Ò¦p DNA °ò¦]©w§Ç)
§ïÅܤFª«ºØ¤§¶¡ªº¿Ë½tÃö«Y»{ª¾©ÒP¡C
³o¨âӾǦWªº¥Ñ¨Ó»PÂà§é¦p¤U¡G
1. Agehana maraho(¿W¥ß¦¨ÄݪºÆ[ÂI) ¾ú¥vI´º¡G1934¦~¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½ºº¦¸³Q©R¦Wµoªí¡C¨ì¤F1936¦~, ¤é¥»©øÂξǮaªQ§øªQ¦~»{¬°,
³oºØ½¹½ºªº«á¯Í§À¬ð¦³¡u¨â±ø¯Í¯ß¡v³e¬ï, ¯S¼x·¥¬°¿W¯S, ¦³§O©ó¤@¯ë¥u¦³³æ±ø¯Í¯ßªº»ñ½º, ¦]¦¹¯S§O¬°¨e³Ð¥ß¤F¤@Ó·sÄÝ¡X¡X¼e§À»ñ½ºÄÝ(Agehana)
¡C¦b¨Ï¥Î±¡ªp¤è±, ³oÓ¦WºÙªu¥Î¤Fªñ80¦~, ³\¦h¦´Áªº¥xÆW¹ÏŲ¡B¬F©²«O¨|¤å¥ó©M¶Ç²Î¥Íª«¤ÀÃþ¤¤, ³£²ßºD¨Ï¥Î³oӾǦW¡C¤¤µØ¼e§À»ñ½º¦b¬Û¦PÆ[ÂI¤U¤]·|³QºÙ¬°
Agehana elwesi¡C
2. Papilio maraho(Âk¤J¤j»ñ½ºÄݪºÆ[ÂI) ²{¥N¬ì¾Çµo²{¦p2015¦~, ¥Ñ¥xÆW¤j¾Ç¡B¥xÆW®v½d¤j¾Ç»P¤¤¤s¤j¾Ç²Õ¦¨ªº¦@¦P¬ã¨s¹Î¶¤, ³z¹L DNA
¤À¤l°ò¦]©w§Ç««Ø¤F¿Ë½tÃö«Y¡C¬ã¨sµo²{, ¼e§À»ñ½ºªº¯ª¥ý¨ä¹ê¬O¦b¬ù1800¸U¦~«e±q¥_¬ü¬wªº¬ü¬w»ñ½º¨ÈÄÝ(Pterourus) ¾î¸ó³°¾ô¼½¾E¦Ó¨Óªº«á¥N,
¦b¿ò¶Ç°ò¦]¤W»P¼s¸qªº»ñ½ºÄÝ(Papilio) ¬O¤@Å骺¡C®Ú¾Ú°ê»Ú¥Íª«©R¦W³W¬ù, ì¥ý¿W¥ßªº¡u¼e§À»ñ½ºÄÝ(Agehana) ¡v¦b°ò¦]¼h±¤W³Q°¯Å,
¦¨¬°»ñ½ºÄÝ©³¤Uªº¤@Ó¨ÈÄÝ(©Î¬ü¬w»ñ½º¨ÈÄݪº¦Pª«²§¦W) ¡C
¦]¦¹¨eªº¾Ç¦W³Q×¥¿¦^Âk¨ì¼s¸qªº»ñ½ºÄÝ, ¼g§@ÅܤƬ°Papilio maraho, ©ÎªÌ§ó¸Ô²Ó¦a¼Ð¥Ü¨ÈÄݬ° Papilio (Pterourus) maraho¡CÁ`µ²¦pªG¾ÇªÌ¶É¦V±j½Õ¨e֦̾³¿W¯S§À¬ðªº¡u¥~Æ[¯S¼x¡v,
·|¨Ï¥Î Agehana maraho¡C¦pªG¾ÇªÌ¿í´`³Ì·sªº¡uDNA °ò¦]ºt¤Æ¿Ë½tÃö«Y¡v, «h·|¨Ï¥Î²{¤µ°ê»Ú¾Ç³N¬É´¶¹M±µ¨üªº Papilio maraho¡C
¡@
Taxonomic Changes in the Scientific Name
of the Broad-tailed Swallowtail (Papilio maraho)
The
existence of two scientific names for the Taiwanese Broad-tailed Swallowtail
stems from differing taxonomic perspectives within the scientific community
regarding its generic assignment. This phenomenon is highly common in biological
nomenclature, typically triggered by modern research¡Xsuch as DNA sequencing¡Xthat
reshapes our understanding of phylogenetic relationships among species.
The origins and transitions of these two scientific names are outlined below:
1. Agehana maraho (The Independent Genus Perspective)
Historical Background: The Taiwanese Broad-tailed Swallowtail was first
described and named in 1934. In 1936, Japanese entomologist Shōnen Matsumura
noted a highly distinctive feature: the butterfly's hindwing tails are traversed
by "two veins," contrasting sharply with typical swallowtails which possess only
a single vein. Consequently, he erected a new genus specifically for this
species¡Xthe broad-tailed swallowtail genus, Agehana. Regarding its usage, this
name was employed for nearly 80 years and remains deeply entrenched in early
Taiwanese field guides, government conservation documents, and traditional
biological classifications. Under this same taxonomic view, the Chinese
Broad-tailed Swallowtail is referred to as Agehana elwesi.
2. Papilio maraho (The Inclusions under Genus Papilio Perspective)
Modern Scientific Discoveries: In 2015, a joint research team from National
Taiwan University, National Taiwan Normal University, and National Sun Yat-sen
University reconstructed the species' phylogeny using molecular DNA sequencing.
The study revealed that the ancestors of the Broad-tailed Swallowtail actually
migrated across land bridges from North America approximately 18 million years
ago, descending from the lineage of the subgenus Pterourus (tiger swallowtails).
Genetically, they form an integral clade within the broadly defined genus
Papilio. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the formerly
independent genus Agehana was taxonomically downgraded to a subgenus within
Papilio (or treated as a synonym of Pterourus).
Consequently, its scientific name was revised to realign with the broader genus
Papilio, designated as Papilio maraho, or more precisely with the subgenus
notation, Papilio (Pterourus) maraho. In summary, taxonomists who favor
emphasizing the unique "morphological characteristics" of the broad tail tails
tend to use Agehana maraho. Conversely, researchers who adhere to the latest
"DNA-based evolutionary relationships" adopt Papilio maraho, which is currently
the widely accepted standard in the international academic community.
ワタリカラスアゲハ(¥x湾ワタリカラスアゲハ) における学¦Wの変¾E
¥x湾産のワタリカラスアゲハに2つの学¦Wが¦s¦bするのは¡Bそれがどの¡u属¡vに帰属すべきかについて¡B¬ì学¬Éで¤ÀÃþ学ªºな¨£¸Ñが²§なっているためです¡C¥Íª«の©R¦Wªkにおいてこのような²{¶Hは«D±`によく¨£られるものであり¡B³q±`はDNA塩°ò°t¦C¤ÀªRなどの³Ì·s¬ã¨sによって¡BºØ¶¡の¨t²Î関«Yに対する»{ÃÑが§ïめられることで°_こります¡C
これら2つの学¦Wの¥Ñ来と変¾Eの経½nは¥H¤Uの³qりです¡C
1. Agehana maraho(独¥ß属とする¨£¸Ñ)
歴¥vªºI´º¡G1934¦~に¥x湾産のワタリカラスアゲハがªìめて©R¦W・°O¸üされました¡Cその«á1936¦~¡B¤é¥»の©ø¦ä学ªÌであるªQ§øªQ¦~³Õ¤hは¡B¥»ºØの気®Ú(§À¬ð°_)
に¡u2¥»の¯Í¯ß¡vが³qっているという·¥めて独¯Sな¯S徴に着¥Øしました¡Cこれは¡B³q±`1¥»の¯Í¯ßしか«ùたない¥Lのアゲハチョウ¬ìの½ºとは¤jきく²§なるため¡B¥»ºØのために·sしい属である¡uワタリカラスアゲハ属(Agehana)
¡vを³Ð³]しました¡C¨Ï¥Î状ªpとしては¡Bこの¦W称が¬ù80¦~¶¡にわたり¨Ï¥Îされ続け¡Bªì´Áの¥x湾の図Ųや¬F©²の«OÅ@°Êª«関³s¤å®Ñ¡B従来の¥Íª«¤ÀÃþにおいて©w着していました¡C¦P様の¨£¸Ñに°òづき¡B¤¤国¤j³°産の¤¤µØワタリカラスアゲハも
Agehana elwesi と©Iばれます¡C
2. Papilio maraho(広¸qのアゲハ属に§tめる¨£¸Ñ)
²{¥Nの¬ì学ªº発¨£¡G2015¦~¡B国¥ß¥x湾¤j学¡B国¥ß¥x湾®v½d¤j学¡B国¥ß¤¤¤s¤j学の¦@¦P¬ã¨sチームが¡BDNA¤À¤lの塩°ò°t¦C¤ÀªRを¥Îいて¨t²Î関«Yを¦Aºc¿vしました¡Cそのµ²ªG¡Bワタリカラスアゲハの¯ª¥ýは¬ù1800ÉE¦~«eに¥_¦Ìのトラフアゲハ亜属(Pterourus)
から³°¾ôを´çって²¾°Êしてきた¤l®]であり¡B¿òÉ´¤lªºには広¸qのアゲハ属(Papilio)
と¤@Ê^であることが§P©úしたのです¡C国»Ú°Êª«©R¦W³W¬ùに°òづき¡Bかつて独¥ßしていた¡uワタリカラスアゲハ属(Agehana)
¡vは¿òÉ´¤lレベルで®æ¤Uげされ¡Bアゲハ属の¤U¦ìの亜属(またはトラフアゲハ亜属のシノニム) となりました¡C
そのため¡B学¦Wは広¸qのアゲハ属へと×¥¿・¦^帰され¡BPapilio maraho¡Bあるいは亜属をより¸Ô²Óにªí°Oした Papilio (Pterourus)
maraho と®Ñかれるようになりました¡Cµ²½×として¡B独¯Sな§À¬ð°_という¡u§ÎºAªº¯S徴¡vを«µøする学ªÌは Agehana maraho
を¨Ï¥Îします¡C¤@¤èで¡B³Ì·sの¡uDNAに°òづく¶i¤Æ・¨t²Î関«Y¡vに従う学ªÌは¡B²{¦bの国»Ú学³N¬Éで広く¨üけ¤Jれられている Papilio maraho
を¨Ï¥Îしています¡C
¡@
·Ë¨¦¤¤ªºÅJ¥ú¡Gµ}¥@Äqª«¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡vªº¦Ê¦~¶Ç©_
¡@


¤é¥»ªF¨Ê«Ò°ê¤j¾ÇªºÄqª«¾ÇÅv«Â¯««O¤pªê±Ð±Â (1867-1924) ¨Ó¨ì¥xÆW¬ã¨s¥_§ë¥Û¡C
Professor Kotora Jimbo (1867¡V1924), a mineralogy
authority from Tokyo Imperial University in Japan, came to Taiwan to study
Hokutolite.
¤é¥»のªF¨Ê«Ò国¤j学の鉱ª«学権«Âである¯««O¤pªê±Ð±Â(1867〜1924¦~) は¡B¥_§ë¥Û(ほくとうせき) を¬ã¨sするために¥x湾を³Xれまし
¦b¥x¥_¬Ö¦aªº¥_½t, ¤j¤Ù¤õ¤s¸sªº¾Å¾Å·ÏÃú¤¤, ÁôÂõۤ@¬qÄÝ©ó¥xÆW¡B¤]ÄÝ©ó¥þ¥@¬Éªº¬ì¾Ç¶Ç©_¡C¦pªG§A´¿º©¨B¦b¥_§ë·Å¬u°Ï, Å¥¹L¼ë¼ëªº·Ë¤ôÁn,
¨º§A¤@©w¤£¯à¿ù¹L³oÁû¦b¦a²y¼Æ¤dºØÄqª«¤¤, °ß¤@¥H¥xÆW¦a¦W©R¦Wªº·Å¬uºÀÄ_¡X¡X¥_§ë¥Û(Hokutolite) ¡C
¥¦ªº½Ï¥Í, ¬O¤õ¤s»P·Å¬u¯Ó¶O¤d¦Ê¦~ªºº©ªø²fÁå¡F¦Ó¥¦ªºµo²{, «h¬O¤@³õ¦a½è¾Ç®a»P¬ì¾Ç¥©¦Xªº®öº©ÁÛ°m¡C
§Ç¹õ¡G¦a¼ö¨¦¤Uªº¯«¯¦µ²´¹
¬G¨Æn±q¤éªv®É´Áªº©úªv¤T¤Q¤K¦~(1905¦~) »¡°_¡C·í®É, ¥ô¾©ó¥xÆWÁ`·þ©²´Þ²£§½ªº«C¦~¦a½è¾ÇªÌ©£¥»n¤K¦, ¥¿¬D°_¦æÅn, ¦b¥xÆW¦U¦a¶i¦æ²Ó½oªºÄqª«±Ä¶°¡C
¨º¤@¤Ñ, ¥LªuµÛ·Å¬u·ÏÃúº©¨B¨ì¥_§ë·Ë¯`¡C¦b¾aªñ¤µ¤Ñ¦Ñ¦r¸¹·Å¬u¯D«Ç¡uò]¤D´ö¡vªþªñªºªe§É, ©£¥»ª`·N¨ì¤@´T©_¯Sªº´º¶H¡G¦b²Mº««o±aµÛ°ª¼ö¡B±j»Äªº·Ë¤ô¸Ì,
´²¸¨µÛ¤@¶ô¶ô²ÊÁWªº¦w¤s©¥Ät¥Û¡CµM¦Ó, ³o¨Ç¥ÛÀYªºªí±, ³ºµMªþµÛ¤F¤@¼h¼h«p«×¶È¬ù1¤½¤À¡B§e²{¨Å¥Õ¦â©Î²H¶À½Å¦âªº·L¤pµÙ§Îµ²´¹¡C
³o¨Çµ²´¹¦b¶§¥ú¤U°{Ã{µÛ¤ºÀĪº¥ú¨~, ¤£¦P©ó¤@¯ëªº·Ë¥Û¡C©£¥»¤ß¤¤¤@°Ê, Áô¬ùı±o³o¨Ç·Å¬u¨I¾ýª«¨Ã¤£Â²³æ, ©ó¬O¤p¤ßÁlÁl¦a±N¥¦ÌºV¤U, ¸Ë¶i¼Ð¥»³U¤¤±a¦^¤F¬ã¨s«Ç¡C
ÃöÁä¡G¤@¥]¥¼¨R¬~ªº·Ó¬Û©³¤ù
³o§åÄq¥Û¼Ð¥»±a¦^«á, ³Ìªì¨Ã¥¼¥ß¨è¸Ñ¶}¨¥@¤§Á¼¡Cª½¨ì¨â¦~«á, ¤@³õ³Q¸ü¤J¬ì¾Ç¥v¥Uªº¡u·N¥~¥©¦X¡vµo¥Í¤F¡C
1907¦~ªº¤@¤Ñ, ©£¥»n¤K¦¦b¾ã²z©Ð¶¡»P¬ã¨s¾¹§÷®É, ¶¶¤â±N¤@¥]©|¥¼¨R¬~ªº¬Û¾÷©³¤ù, Å|©ñ¦b³o§å±Ä¦Û¥_§ë·Ëªº½Å¦âµ²´¹¼Ð¥»¤W¡C
´X¤Ñ«á, ·í¥L¨«¶i·t©Ð¨R¬~©³¤ù®É, ²´«eªº¤@¹õÅý¥L¾_Åå±o»¡¤£¥X¸Ü¨Ó¡X¡X©³¤ù¦b§¹¥þ¨S¦³·Ó¥ú¡B¥B³Q¶Â¯ÈÄY±K¥]»qªº±¡ªp¤U, ³ºµM¥X²{¤F§½³¡Ãn¥úªº¶Â¼v»P©ñ®gª¬´³ÂI¡I
¦b¨ºÓ¤G¤Q¥@¬öªì¡B©~§¤Ò¤Hèµo²{¡uÅJ¡v¤£¤[ªº¬ì¾Ç¨g¼ö¦~¥N,
©£¥»n¤K¦±Ó¾Uªºª½Ä±¥ß¨è³Q³ê¿ô¡C¥L·NÃѨì¡G³o¶ô¥ÛÀY¥¿¦bÄÀ©ñ¬YºØ¦×²´¬Ý¤£¨£ªº¤O¶q¡C¸g¹L»P¾ÇªÌ¬Kû¤T¹Ø¦Nµ¥¤Hªº¤ÏÂдú¸Õ, ¥L̲שóÃÒ¹ê,
³o¨Ç¥Ñ²¸»Ä¹]»P²¸»Ä¾X²Õ¦¨ªºµ²´¹¤¤, ³ºµMħtµÛ·¥¨ä·L¶q¥B·¥¨ä¬Ã¶Qªº©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡X¡X¡uÅJ(Radium) ¡v¡C
¸ó¶V®ü¬vªº¾Ç³N¦@»ï
¥_§ë·Ëµo²{§tÅJÄq¥Ûªº®ø®§¨³³t¶Ç¶}¡C1907¦~¬î¤Ñ, ¤é¥»ªF¨Ê«Ò°ê¤j¾ÇªºÄqª«¾ÇÅv«Â¯««O¤pªê±Ð±Â¿Ë¦Û¨Ó¨ì¥xÆW¡C·í¥L¿Ë²´¬Ý¨ì©£¥»±Ä¶°ªº¼Ð¥»®É, Åå³Y¦aµo²{,
³o´ÚÄqª«ªº´¹Åéµ²ºc, »P¥L¥ý«e¦b¤é¥»¬î¥Ð¿¤¡u¥É¤t·Å¬u¡v©Ò¨£¨ìªº¯«¯¦¨I¾ýª«§¹¥þ¤@¼Ò¤@¼Ë¡C
³oÓµo²{±N¥xÆW¥_§ë»P¤é¥»¬î¥Ð³o¨âÓ¤õ¤s·Å¬u¦a±a, ³z¹L¦a½è¾Çºòºò³s¦b¤F¤@°_¡C¥þ¤HÃþ³o¤~·NÃѨì, n½Ï¥Í³oºØÄqª«,
±ø¥ó¬O¦h»òªºV¨è¡G¥²¶·¦P®É¾Ö¦³±j»Ä©Êªº·Å¬u¤ô¡B¯S®íªº¤õ¤s©¥½è¡B¥H¤Î¼Æ¦Ê¤W¤d¦~¤£³Q¥~¤O¥´ÂZªº½wºC¨I¾ý¡C
¸t©¼±o³ùªº¥¿¦¡©R¦W
¤j¥¿¤¸¦~(1912¦~) 11¤ë, ¯««O¤pªê±Ð±Â±aµÛ³o¥÷¨Ó¦Û¥xÆWªº¬Ã¶Q¼Ð¥», ¾î¸ó¼Ú¨È¤j³°, «e©¹«X°ê¸t©¼±o³ù°Ñ¥[°ê»ÚÄqª«¾Ç¤j·|¡C
¦b¦U°ê³»¦y¬ì¾Ç®a»Eºë·|¯«ªºª`µø¤U, ¯««O±Ð±Â»P°ê»ÚÅJÄq®õ¤æ³º¸¯Ç¯ý°ò(Vladimir Vernadsky)
±Ð±Â¦@¦Pµoªí¤F¼f¬d³ø§i¡C¬°¤F¬ö©À³o´Úµ}¦³Äqª«ªºº¦¸µo²{¦a, ¤j·|¥¿¦¡±N¨ä©w¦W¬° ¡uHokutolite¡v(Hokuto §Y¡u¥_§ë¡vªº¤é»yµoµ, lite
«h¬OÄqª«¾Çªº¦r§À) , ¤¤¤å«K¥¿¦¡©w¦W¬°¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡v¡C
¨º¤@¦~, ¥_§ë³o®y¥xÆW¦a¼ö¤pÂíªº¦W¦r, ¥¿¦¡³Q¼g¶i¤F¥þ²y¬ì¾Ç»P¦a½è¾Çªº¦r¨å¸Ì¡C
¬yÂà¦Ê¦~ªºÅJ¥ú¾lÃý
¥_§ë¥Ûªºµo²{, ¤£¶ÈÅå°Ê¤F¾Ç³N¬É, ¤]§ïÅܤF¥_§ëªº©R¹B¡C1923¦~, ¤é¥»¸Î¤¯¬Ó¤Ó¤l(«á¨Óªº¬L©M¤Ñ¬Ó) ¨Ó¨ì¥xÆW®É, ÁÙ¯S§O´«¤W¯ó¾c¡B¨«¤J¥_§ë·Ë¨¦,
¿Ë²´±´´M³oÁû¶Ç©_¤§¥Û¡C¦Ó¦b1934¦~, ¥x¥_«Ò°ê¤j¾Ç(²{¥xÆW¤j¾Ç) ªºª«²z¹Î¶¤¦b¶i¦æ¨È¬w²Ä¤@¦¸¤H¤u¼²À»ì¤l®Ö¹êÅç®É, ¤]¬O§Q¥Î¥_§ë¥Û§@¬°ÃöÁ䪺¿ç®g·½¤ñ¹ïª«½è¡C
¤µ¤Ñ, ¥Ñ©óªø´Áªº¶}µo»P¹L«×±Ä¶°, ¥_§ë·Ëì²£¦aªº¥_§ë¥Û¤w¸g©Ò³ÑµL´X, ¨Ã¤w³Q¬F©²¦C¬°¡u¦ÛµM«O¯d°Ï¡vÄY®æ«OÅ@¡C¦ý¨C·í§Ų́«¶i¥_§ë·Å¬u³Õª«À],
¬ÝµÛ¨ºÁûÀRÀR½ö¦b®iÂd¤¤¡B´²µoµÛ·L®z®g½uªº¥_§ë¥Û, §Ï©»ÁÙ¯àÅ¥¨£¦Ê¦~«e©£¥»n¤K¦¦b·t©Ð¸Ì, ¦]¬Ý¨ì©³¤ùÃn¥ú¦Óµo¥XªºÆg¹ÄÁn¡C ³o¬O¤@Áû¥ÛÀYªº¬G¨Æ,
¤]¬O¥xÆW¤g¦a°eµ¹¥@¬É³Ì¬Ã¶Qªº¬ì¾Ç§ª«¡C

¡@
¡@
Radium Light in the Valley: The
Century-Old Legend of the Rare Mineral "Hokutolite"
On the
northern fringe of the Taipei Basin, amidst the curling mists of the Tatun
Volcano Group, lies a scientific legend that belongs to Taiwan and the world. If
you have ever strolled through the Beitou hot spring area and heard the
murmuring of the creek, you must not miss this hot spring treasure¡XHokutolite.
Out of thousands of minerals on Earth, it is the only one named after a
Taiwanese locality. Its birth is the result of a long, thousand-year tempering
process by volcanoes and hot springs, while its discovery was a romantic
encounter between a geologist and a scientific coincidence.
The Prelude: Mysterious Crystals Beneath the Thermal Valley
The story begins in 1905, the 38th year of the Meiji era during the Japanese
colonial period. At that time, Yohachiro Okamoto, a young geologist working for
the Productive Industries Bureau of the Taiwan Governor-General's Office, packed
his bags and traveled across Taiwan to conduct meticulous mineral collections.
One day, he strolled along the banks of the Beitou Creek, following the hot
spring steam. Near the riverbed close to today's historic "Long Nice Hot Spring"
(Longnai Hot Spring) bathhouse, Okamoto noticed a peculiar sight: scattered in
the clear yet high-temperature, highly acidic creek water were coarse andesite
gravels. However, the surfaces of these stones were encrusted with layers of
tiny, rhombohedral crystals¡Xmeasuring only about 1 centimeter in thickness¡Xthat
appeared milky white or light yellowish-brown. These crystals gleamed with an
understated light under the sun, looking vastly different from ordinary river
stones. Okamoto's heart skipped a beat; he intuitively felt that these hot
spring sediments were anything but simple. He carefully chipped them off, placed
them into specimen bags, and brought them back to his laboratory.
The Key: A Pack of Undeveloped Photographic Film
When this batch of mineral specimens was first brought back, its origins were
not immediately unlocked. It was not until two years later that an "accidental
coincidence," now inscribed in the annals of scientific history, took place. One
day in 1907, while tidying his room and research equipment, Yohachiro Okamoto
happened to stack a packet of undeveloped camera film on top of the brown
crystal specimens collected from Beitou Creek. A few days later, when he stepped
into the darkroom to develop the film, the scene before his eyes left him
speechless. Despite being completely unexposed to light and tightly wrapped in
black paper, the film showed signs of localized exposure, complete with dark
shadows and radial spots! In that era of scientific frenzy in the early 20th
century, shortly after Marie Curie discovered "radium," Okamoto's sharp
intuition was instantly awakened. He realized that this stone was releasing an
invisible force. Through repeated testing with scholars like Misukichi Harukaze,
they finally confirmed that these crystals, composed of lead sulfate and barium
sulfate, actually contained an extremely minuscule yet extraordinarily precious
radioactive element¡X"Radium."
Academic Resonance Across the Ocean
The news of the discovery of radium-bearing ore in Beitou Creek spread rapidly.
In the autumn of 1907, Professor Kotora Jimbo, a leading mineralogy authority
from Tokyo Imperial University in Japan, personally came to Taiwan. When he saw
the specimens collected by Okamoto with his own eyes, he was astonished to find
that the crystal structure of this mineral was identical to the mysterious
sediment he had previously observed at Tamagawa Hot Spring in Akita Prefecture,
Japan. This discovery tightly bound Beitou in Taiwan and Akita in Japan¡Xtwo
volcanic hot spring regions¡Xtogether through the lens of geology. Only then did
humanity realize how harsh the conditions required to give birth to such a
mineral truly are: it must simultaneously possess highly acidic hot spring
water, unique volcanic rock characteristics, and hundreds to thousands of years
of slow sedimentation undisturbed by external forces.
Official Naming in St. Petersburg
In November 1912, the first year of the Taisho era, Professor Kotora Jimbo
traveled across the Eurasian continent with this precious specimen from Taiwan
to attend the International Geological Congress (IGC) in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Under the intense gaze of top scientists from various countries, Professor Jimbo,
alongside the international radium pioneer Professor Vladimir Vernadsky, jointly
presented the review report. To commemorate the locality where this rare mineral
was first discovered, the congress officially designated it as "Hokutolite" ("Hokuto"
being the Japanese pronunciation of Beitou, and "lite" being the standard suffix
in mineralogy), which was formally named "¥_§ë¥Û" (Beitou Rock/Stone) in Chinese.
That year, the name of Beitou, a small geothermal town in Taiwan, was officially
written into the global dictionaries of science and geology.
The Lingering Radium Light Across a Century
The discovery of Hokutolite not only shook the academic community but also
changed the destiny of Beitou. In 1923, when Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito
(later Emperor Showa) visited Taiwan, he specially changed into straw sandals
and walked down into the Beitou Creek valley to search for this legendary stone
with his own eyes. Later in 1934, when the physics team at Taihoku Imperial
University (now National Taiwan University) conducted Asia's very first
artificial nuclear transmutation experiment, they also utilized Hokutolite as a
critical radiation source for comparison. Today, due to long-term development
and over-collection, very little Hokutolite remains in its original habitat
along Beitou Creek, and the site has been strictly protected as a "Natural
Reserve" by the government. Yet, whenever we step into the Beitou Hot Spring
Museum and gaze at that piece of Hokutolite resting quietly in the display case,
emitting faint radiation, we can almost still hear the gasp of admiration
uttered by Yohachiro Okamoto in his darkroom a century ago upon seeing the
exposed film. This is the story of a stone, and a most precious scientific gift
presented by the land of Taiwan to the world.

渓¨¦の¤¤のラジウム¥ú¡Gµ}¥@の鉱ª«¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡vの¦Ê¦~É´©_
¥x¥_¬Ö¦aの¥_縁¡B¤j¤Ù¤õ¤s¸sから¥ßち¤Wる«Õ¥Èな´ö·Ïの¤¤に¡B¥x湾¡Bそして¥þ¥@¬Éに属する¬ì学のÉ´説が隠されている¡Cもしあなたが¥_§ë温¬uµóを´²µ¦し¡Bさらさらと¬yれる渓¬yのµを»Dいたことがあるなら¡B¦a²y¤Wに数¤dºØある鉱ª«の¤¤で°ß¤@¡B¥x湾の¦a¦Wが¥Iけられた温¬uの¦Ü宝¡u¥_§ë¥Û(ホクトライト)
¡vを絶対に¨£°kしてはならない¡Cその½Ï¥Íは¡B¤õ¤sと温¬uが数¤d¦~の歳¤ëをかけて°öった気の»·くなるような¸Õ½mのµ²´¹であり¡Bその発¨£は¡B¦a½è学ªÌと¬ì学ªº°¸µMによるロマンチックなÁÛ°mであった¡C
§Ç¹õ¡G¦a¼ö¨¦の¤Uの¯«¯µªºなµ²´¹
ª«»yは¡B¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥Nの©úªv38¦~(1905¦~)
にさかのぼる¡C当®É¡B¥x湾総·þ©²´Þ²£§½に¶Ô°Èしていた«C¦~¦a½è学ªÌの©£¥»n¤K¦は¡B²üª«をItい¡B¥x湾¦U¦aでºø±Kな鉱ª«±Ä¶°を¦æっていた¡Cある¤é¡B©¼は温¬uの´ö·Ïにªuって¥_§ë渓のほとりを歩いていた¡C²{¦bの¦Ñ舗温¬u¯D³õ¡uò]¤D´ö¡v¥Iªñのªe§Éに®tし±¾かった®É¡B©£¥»は©_§®な¥ú´ºに¥Øを¯dめた¡C¼áみ¤Áっていながらも°ª温で±j»Ä©Êの渓¬yの¤¤に¡B²Êい¦w¤s©¥のÄt¥Ûがいくつも転がっていた¡Cしかし¡Bそれらの¥Ûのªí±には¡B«pさわずか1センチメートルほどの¡B¨Å¥Õ¦âや²H黄½Å¦âの·L¤pなµÙ§Îのµ²´¹が´X¼hにも¥I着していたのである¡Cそれらのµ²´¹は¤Ó¶§の¥úを¯Dびて内ÀÄ(ないれん)
とした½÷きを©ñち¡B³q±`の¤t¥Ûとは©úらかに²§なっていた¡C©£¥»の¤ßにª½·Pが¨«り¡Bこれら温¬uの¨H·µª«はただªÌではないと·Pじた¡C©¼は·V«にそれらを¥nき¸¨とし¡B¼Ð¥»³Uに¸×めて¬ã¨s«Çへと«ùち帰った¡C
Áä¡G¤@¥]の¥¼²{¹³の写¯uフィルム
«ùち帰られたこれら鉱¥Û¼Ð¥»は¡B当ªì¡Bすぐにその¯À©Êが¸Ñき©úかされたわけではなかった¡Cそれから2¦~«á¡B¬ì学¥vに¨èまれる¡u·N¥~な°¸µM¡vが°_きるまでは¡C1907¦~のある¤é¡B©£¥»n¤K¦が³¡«Îと¬ã¨s¾÷§÷を¾ã²zしていた»Ú¡B¥_§ë渓で±Ä¶°した½Å¦âのµ²´¹¼Ð¥»の¤Wに¡B¥¼²{¹³のカメラフィルムの¤@¥]を¦ó気なく«ねて¸mいておいた¡C数¤é«á¡B©¼が·t«Çに¤Jってフィルムを²{¹³した®É¡B¥Øの«eの¥ú´ºに½Ä撃を¨üけ¡B¨¥¸を¥¢った¡Cフィルムは¤@¤Á¥úに当てられておらず¡Bしかも黒い¯Èで厳«に¥]まれていたにもかかわらず¡B§½©Òªºに·P¥úした黒い¼vや©ñ®g状の´³点が²{れていたのである¡I
キュリー¤Ò¤Hが¡uラジウム¡vを発¨£して¶¡もない¡B¬ì学への¼ö¨gに¥]まれた20¥@¬öªìÀYという®É¥Nにおいて¡B©£¥»n¤K¦の鋭いª½·PがÀþ®Éに©Iび覚まされた¡C©¼は¡Bこの¥Ûが¦×²´で¨£えないあるºØの¤Oを©ñ¥Xしていることに気づいた¡C¬Kû¤T寿¦N(はるかぜ
みすきち) らの学ªÌと«×«なる検µýを¦æったµ²ªG¡B²¸»Ä¹]と²¸»Äバリウムからなるこのµ²´¹の¤¤に¡B·¥めて·L¶qながらも·¥めて¶Q«な©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡uラジウム(Radium)
¡vが§tまれていることがついにµý©úされたのである¡C
®üを¶Vえた学³Nªº¦@»ï
¥_§ë渓でラジウムを§tむ鉱¥Ûが発¨£されたというニュースはÀþく¶¡に広がった¡C1907¦~の¬î¡B¤é¥»からªF¨Ê«Ò国¤j学の鉱ª«学の権«Âである¯««O¤pªê±Ð±Âが¦Ûら¥x湾を³Xれた¡C¯««O±Ð±Âは©£¥»が±Ä¶°した¼Ð¥»を¥Øの当たりにした»Ú¡Bこの鉱ª«のµ²´¹ºc³yが¡Bかつて¦Û¨が¬î¥Ð県の¡u¥É¤t温¬u¡vで¥Ø撃した¯«¯µªºな¨H·µª«と¥þく¦P¤@であることにÅå´jした¡Cこの発¨£により¡B¥x湾の¥_§ëと¤é¥»の¬î¥Ðという2つの¤õ¤s温¬u¦a帯が¡B¦a½è学を³qじて©Tくµ²びつけられることとなった¡Cこのような鉱ª«が½Ï¥Íするためには¡B±j»Ä©Êの温¬u¤ô¡B¯S®íな¤õ¤s©¥½è¡Bそして¥~³¡の¤Oに¨¸Å]されることなく数¦Êから数¤d¦~にわたり½wやかに¨H·µするという¡Bいかに¹L»Åな条¥óが¦P®ÉにÙYわなければならないかを¡B¤HÃþはªìめてª¾ることとなったのである¡C
サンクトペテルブルクでの¥¿¦¡©R¦W
¤j¥¿¤¸¦~(1912¦~)
11¤ë¡B¯««O¤pªê±Ð±Âは¥x湾から届いたこの¶Q«な¼Ð¥»を携えてユーラシア¤j³°を横断し¡Bロシアのサンクトペテルブルクで¶}¶Êされた国»Ú鉱ª«学会ijに¥X®uした¡C¦U国の²Ä¤@½uの¬ì学ªÌたちが©T³èを呑んで¨£¦uる¤¤¡B¯««O±Ð±Âは国»Úªºなラジウム¬ã¨sの®õ¤æであるウラジーミル・ヴェルナツキー(Vladimir
Vernadsky) ±Ð±Âと¦@に¼f査³ø§iを発ªíした¡Cこの§Æ¤Öな鉱ª«がªìめて発¨£された¦aを°O©Àして¡B会ijはこれを¥¿¦¡に¡uHokutolite(ホクトライト)
¡v(Hokutoは¡u¥_§ë¡vの¤é¥»»y発µ¡Bliteは鉱ª«学の±µ§À辞)
と©R¦Wし¡B¤¤国»yでも¥¿¦¡に¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡vと©w¦Wされた¡Cこの¦~¡B¥x湾の¦a¼öのËmである¥_§ëの¦Wが¡B¥@¬Éの¬ì学および¦a½è学の辞¨åに¥¿¦¡に¨èまれたのである¡C
¬y転する¦Ê¦~のラジウム¥úの§EÃý
¥_§ë¥Ûの発¨£は¡B学³N¬Éを揺るがしただけでなく¡B¥_§ëの¹B©Rをも変えた¡C1923¦~¡B¤é¥»の¸Î¤¯¬Ó¤Ó¤l(のちの¬L©M¤Ñ¬Ó)
が¥x湾を¦æ啓した»Ú¡Bわざわざ¯ó¼iに¼iき´Àえて¥_§ë渓の渓¨¦へと¤Jり¡B¦Ûらの¥ØでこのÉ´説の¥Ûを±´し¨Dめられた¡Cまた1934¦~には¡B¥x¥_«Ò国¤j学(²{・¥x湾¤j学)
のª«²z学チームがアジアªìの¤H¤u§@¥Îによるì¤l®Ö壊変実験(ì¤l®Ö¤H¤u½Ä撃実験)
を¦æった»Úにも¡B¥_§ë¥Ûが«nな©ñ®g½u·½の¤ñ¸ûª«½èとして§Q¥Îされた¡C¤µ¤éでは¡Bªø¦~の¶}発と¹L«×な±Ä¶°により¡Bì産¦aである¥_§ë渓の¥_§ë¥Ûはほとんど残っておらず¡B¬F©²によって¡u¦ÛµM«O¯d区(¦ÛµM«OÅ@区)
¡vに«ü©wされ厳®æに«OÅ@されている¡Cしかし¡B¨pたちが¥_§ë温¬u³Õª«À]に¨¬を¹Bび¡B®i¥Üケースの¤¤に静かに横たわりながら·L®zな©ñ®g½uを©ñち続ける¥_§ë¥Ûを¨£つめる®É¡B¦Ê¦~«eの·t«Çでフィルムの·P¥úを¥Øにした©£¥»n¤K¦が¤Wげた¡BあのÅå¹Äの声が¤µでも»Dこえてくるかのようである¡Cこれは¤@つの¥Ûのª«»yであり¡B¥x湾の¤g¦aが¥@¬ÉにÃØった³Ìも¶Q«な¬ì学のÃØりª«なのである¡C
¡@
¥_§ë¥Û©ñ®g©Ê¬ã¨s°Ñ¼Æ


°ªºë«×¶³¥Àµ¡»\°Çp¼ÆºÞ®Ö¿ç®g»ö¹ï¼Ë¥»¶i¦æ´ú¸Õ
A high-precision mica window
Geiger-Müller counter nuclear radiation meter was used to test the sample.
¸Õ®Æの検査には¡B°ªºë«×マイカ窓¦¡ガイガー・ミュラーカウンター«¬®Ö©ñ®g½upが¨Ï¥Îされた¡C
¡@

¼Ë¥»¶i¦æ´ú¸Õ²Ê²¤¶q«×,
´ú¶qȤj¦P¤Ö²§¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¥X³oºØÄqª«¶È¨ã«Ü·L®zªº©ñ®g©Ê¡C
When the sample was tested with
rough measurement, the results were largely similar, its indicating that this
mineral with very weak radioactivity.
¸Õ®Æを¤jまかな´ú©wで検査したところ¡Bµ²ªGはほぼ¦Pじであり¡Bこの鉱ª«の©ñ®g¯àは«D±`に®zいことを¥Üしている¡C
¡@
¥Ñ©ó¥_§ë¥Û§t¦³·L®zªº©ñ®g©Ê, ¦]¦¹¨Ï¥Î¿ç®g»ö¶i¦æÅ²©w¨ã¦³«ü¼Ð©Êªº·N¸q¡CµM¦Ó,
¦]¨ä¤º³¡ªºÅJ§t¶q·¥¨äµ}¤Ö, ¾ãÅ骺¿ç®g¤ô¥¤]«D±`§C¡C¥H»´ä«Ç¤ºÀô¹ÒI´º¿ç®g¤ô¥ªº¤¤¦ì¼Æ0.15·L§Æ¨U¯S¡þ¤p®É(£gSv/hr, NSC¬ã¨s«Ç´ú±o¼ÆÈ¤p©ó0.2·L§Æ¨U¯S)
¨Ópºâ, À]ÂüХ»ªº´ú¶qȶȬ°0.28·L§Æ¨U¯S¡þ¤p®É(³Ì¤jȬ°0.34·L§Æ¨U¯S¡þ¤p®É) ¡C´ú¸Õµ²ªGÅã¥Ü, ¸ÓÄq¥Û¼Ë¥»Áö¨ã¦³·L©ñ®g©Ê,
¦ý¦bµu´Á¤º§¹¥þ¤£¨¬¥H¹ï¤HÅé²£¥Í¦M®`¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W, ¥Ø«e«O¦s¦b»OÆW¡B«¹F800¤½¤çªº¥_§ë¥Û¦a¼Ð¼Ð¥», ¨äªí±³Ì°ª¿ç®g¾¯¶q¤]¶È¬°1.29·L§Æ¨U¯S¡þ¤p®É¦Ó¤w¡I
Radioactivity Research Parameters of
Hokutolite
Since
hokutolite contains trace radioactivity, using a radiation meter serves as a
benchmark method for its identification. However, due to its extremely low
radium content, its overall radiation level remains very minimal. Taking Hong
Kong's median indoor background radiation level of 0.15 £gSv/hr (measured as <0.2
£gSv/hr by the NSC Laboratory) as a baseline, the measured value of this museum
specimen is 0.28 £gSv/hr (with a maximum value of 0.34 £gSv/hr). The test results
indicate that while the ore sample exhibits micro-radioactivity, it is far too
low to pose any threat to human health over a short period. In fact, even for
the massive 800 kg hokutolite specimen preserved in Taiwan, its maximum surface
radiation dose is merely 1.29 £gSv/hr!
¡@
¥_§ë¥Û(ホクトライト)
の©ñ®g¯à¬ã¨sパラメータ
¥_§ë¥Ûは·L®zな©ñ®g©Êを§tんでいるため¡B©ñ®g½u´ú©w¾¹によるŲ©wは«ü¼Ðとして·¥めて«nな·N¨ýを«ùちます¡Cしかし¡B§t¦³されるラジウムの¶qがごくわずかであるため¡Bその©ñ®g½uレベルは«D±`に§Cいです¡C»´äの«Ç内におけるÀô¹Òバックグラウンド©ñ®g½uレベルの¤¤¥¡値である0.15マイクロシーベルト¡þ®É(£gSv/hr¡BNSC¬ã¨s«Çの´ú©w値は0.2£gSv/hr¥¼満)
を°ò·Çにpºâすると¡B当À]©Ò蔵¼Ð¥»の´ú©w値は0.28£gSv/hr(³Ì¤j値0.34£gSv/hr)
にとどまります¡Cこの´ú©wµ²ªGは¡B当¸Ó鉱ª«¼Ð¥»が·L®zな©ñ®g©Êを«ùつものの¡Bµu´Á¶¡で¤HÊ^に¦M®`を¤Îぼすには¥þく¦Üらないレベルであることを¥Üしています¡C実のところ¡B¥x湾に«O¦sされている«¶q800キログラムに¤Îぶ¥¨¤jな¥_§ë¥Û¼Ð¥»でさえ¡Bそのªí±の³Ì°ª©ñ®g½u¶q²vはわずか1.29£gSv/hrにすぎません¡C
¡@
¦Ê¦~¤j¥¿®É´Áªº¥_§ë¤åª«À]¶Ç©_ÅܾE
¡@

¥x¥_¥_§ëªº¡u¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]¡v(²{¦W¬°¥_§ë¤åª«À]) ¬O¤@®y¾Ö¦³¦Ê¦~¾ú¥vªº¥«©w¥jÂÝ, ¤]¬O¥xÆW¥Ø«eºÓªG¶È¦s³W¼Ò³Ì¤jªº¤é¦¡¯Â¤ì³y¤G¼h«Ø¿v¡C
Located in Beitou,
Taipei, the "Jiashan Hotel" (now known as the Beitou Museum) is a century-old
municipal historic site. It is also the largest surviving authentic
Japanese-style, two-story pure wooden structure in Taiwan.
¥x¥_¥«¥_§ë区に¦ì¸mする¡u¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]¡v(²{¦bの¥_§ë¤åª«À]) は¡B¦Ê¦~の歴¥vを«ùつ¥««ü©w¥jÂÝであり¡B¥x湾に²{¦sする³Ì¤j³W¼Òの¯Â¤ì³y¤G¶¥«Øて¤é¥»«Ø¿vです¡C
¨ä¶Ç©_ªº¾ú¥vÅܾE¡G
¤éªv®É´Á¥_§ë³Ì°ª¯Åªº·Å¬u®ÈÀ]»P¦a½èÄ_ÂÃ(1921¦~¡ã) ³Ð¥ß»P©R¦W¡G«Ø¿v©l«Ø©ó 1921¦~(¤j¥¿10¦~) ,
¥Ñ¤é¥»¤E¦{´ç®ü¨Ó¥xªº¦N¥Ð®a±Ú©Ò¸gÀç¡C¦]¦ì³B¡u¶ø¥_§ë¡v«ÕÀRªº¤s¸y¤W, ¾Ö¦³ÁÀýÃö´ç¥ìªºµ´¨Îµø³¥, ¥B´J·N¡u¯¬ºÖ¡v,
¹E©R¦W¬°¡u¨Î¤s·Å¬u®ÈÀ]¡v¡C¨Î¤s¬O·í®É¥_§ë³Ì°ªÀÉ¡B®ø¶O³Ì¶Qªº³»¯Å·Å¬u®È±J¡C¾Ú¤åÄm°O¸ü, ·í®É¦b¦¹¨É¨ü¤@ªy¤G¹ªº¶O¥Î°ª¹F¤»¶ê,
¨ä»ùȬƦܥi¶R¤U·s¥_§ë¨®¯¸©P¾D¤@©W¦hªº¤g¦a¡CÀ]¤º·Å¬u¤Þ¤J¥_§ë¯S¦³ªº«CÁD¬u,
³o¥¿¬O¥¥¨|¥@¬É¯Åµ}¦³©ñ®g©ÊÄqª«¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡vªº¬u·½¡C³oºØ¦b1905¦~¥Ñ¤é¥»¾ÇªÌ©£¥»n¤K¦©ó¥_§ë·Ëº¦¸µo²{ªºÄqª«, ¬O¥þ²y°ß¤@¥H¥xÆW¦a¦W©R¦Wªºµ}¦³´¹Åé,
¨ä·¥¨ä½wºCªºµ²´¹³t«×(¬ù130¦~¤~²Ö¿n1¤½Âç) , »P¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]ªº³»¯Å°øµØ¬Û¤¬½÷¬M¡C
«Ø¿v¥DÅ髨¿v±Ä¥Î·í®É¤é¥»³Ì¬y¦æªº¡u®Ñ°|³y¡v®æ§½(·½¦Û16¡B17¥@¬öªºªZ¤h¦í¦v) ¡CÀHµÛ·~°Èµo®i, 1935¦~¼W«Ø¤F¿W¥ß§OÀ]¡u³³µM©~¡v, 1938¦~¦A«×ÂX«Ø,
¥´³y¥X¾Ö¦³¤»¤Q©«ºfºf¦Ì¡B¥i®e¯Ç¤W¦Ê¤H»E·|ªº¤j®b·|ÆU¡X¡X¡u¤j¼s¶¡¡v¡C¤G¾Ô¥½´Á§@¬°¯«·¯S§ð¶¤ªº¥Í©R³Z§O©Ò(1940¦~¥N) ¤Ó¥¬v¾Ôª§«á´Á, ·ùx§ð¶Õ²r¯P,
¤é¥»¾Ô¤O¦Yºò¡C¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]¦]Áô±K¥B°ªÀÉ, ³Q¤j¤é¥»«Ò°ê®üx¦û¥Î, §ï¬°¡u¤é¥»x©xѼֳ¡¡v(©ÎºÙ¨Î¤s©Û«Ý©Ò)
¡C·í®É¤éx¦b¥xÆW¼x¥l¨Ã²Õ«Ø¡u¯«·¯S§ð¶¤¡v¶i¦æ¦Û±þ¦¡§ðÀ»¡C®Ú¾Ú¡m»O¥_¤åÄm¡n¤¤¡q¥_§ë·Å¬uÓ§O³X°Ý¿ý¡rªº¦b¦a¦ÑªÌ¤fz, ¨C·í¶¤ûn±q·s¦ËªÅx¾÷³õ¥X©ºªº«e¤@¶g,
x¤è·|±N¤j§å«C¦~¯S§ð¶¤û°e¦Ü¥_§ë¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]«×°², ¨Rªw·Å¬u¡B¨gÅw§@¼Ö¥H¸ê¼¢³Ò¡C³o¨Ç¦~¶È15¨ì17·³ªº¤Ö¦~§L, ¦b¦³¥hµL¦^ªº²×·¥¥ô°È«e¤i,
³Q¤¹³\¦b¦¹»P¤ß¤W¤H¡B¦P³T¡B©ÎÃÀÌH¦@´ç³Ì«á¤@±ßªºÀ^§O²±®b¡C
³o¬q¾ú¥v¿ò¯dªºÃÒ¾Ú, ¥i¦b2002¦~¤åª«À]¶i¦æ¥jÂݤj××´_®É, ¤u§@¤Hû¦b©î¸Ñ¤U¨ÓªºÃoÂd©ÔªùI±, µo²{¤G¾Ô¥½´Á¦]ª«¸êµu¯Ê¦Ó¥R·í¶ñ¥R§÷ªº©¹¤é±b¥U,
¤W±²M·¡°O¸üµÛ·í®Éªº®ø¶O, ¦p¡u®Æ²z¤G¤¸¡BÃÀ§²¤K¡D¤C¤¤¸¡K¡K¡vªº±b¥Ø, ¥¿¬O¯«·¯S§ð¶¤û¥Í¦º³Z§O«e¯d¤U¡C
¤G¾Ô¾Ôµ²§ô«áªì´Á, ¤¤µØ¥Á°ê°ê¥Á¬F©²¾E¥x«á, ²£Åv¥Ñì¸gÀçªÌÂର©x¦³, ¼·¥æµ¹¤¤µØ¥Á°ê¥~¥æ³¡±µºÞ,
¨Ì§Ç§@¬°¦w¸mx¥Áªº¡u¨Î¤s±JªÙ¡v»P©xû«×°²ªº¡u¨Î¤s©Û«Ý©Ò¡v¡C1960¦~¥N¤¤´Á, ¬F©²¦]ºûÅ@¦¨¥»°ª©ù¦Ó±N¨ä©ç½æÂà°â¥Á¶¡¡C·í®É¥¿³{¥x»y¹q¼v(°ê¤ù)
µo®iªº¶Àª÷®É´Á(¥_§ë³QÅA¬°¥xÆW¦nµÜ¶õ) , ¨Î¤s¦]¨ä«O¦s·¥¬°§¹¦nªº¥j¨å¤é¦¡·»ª, ¦¨¬°¼öªùªº¹q¼v©çÄá¸t¦a¡C¦]¬°¦P¦W¹q¼v¡m¥j¤ë²ø¡n¦b¦¹¨ú´º,
¥Á¶¡¦Û¦¹¤]±`ºÙ©I¦¹¦a¬°¡u¥j¤ë²ø¡v¡Cª½¦Ü·í¥N¬¡¤ÆÂ૬¥_§ë¤åª«À]»P¤å¥v¶Ç©Ó(1983¦~¦Ü¤µ) 1983¦~¤TºÖ¤Æ¤u¸³¨Æªø±i¯Â©ú¥ý¥Í¶R¤U³o´É«Ø¿v,
¬°¤F«O¦s¥xÆW¦´Á¥Á«U¤åª«, ¦b¦¹³Ð¿ì¡u¥xÆW¥ÁÃÀ¤åª«¤§®a¡v, ¨Ã©ó1987¦~¥¿¦¡§ó¦W¬°¡u¥_§ë¤åª«À]¡v,
1998¦~¥_§ë¤åª«À]¥¿¦¡³Q»O¥_¥«¬F©²«ü©w¬°¥«©w¥jÂÝ¡C²{¤µ¥¦¤£¶È¬O®i¥Ü¥xÆWì¦í¥Á¤Î¦´Á¥Á«U¤åª«ªºÄ_®w,
»P¾Fªñ®i¥ÜµÛ¶Ç©_¤K¦Ê¤½¤ç¥À©¥ªº¡u¥_§ë·Å¬u³Õª«À]¡v¦@¦P¦uÅ@µÛ¦b¦a¾ú¥v»P¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡vªº¬Ã¶Q°O¾Ð, §óÂ૬¬°µ²¦X¤é¦¡Ãh¥Û®Æ²z¡B¯ù¹DÅéÅç»P¤å³ÐºtÃÀªº¦h¥\¯à¤å¤ÆªÅ¶¡,
Åý¹L©¹¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]ªº¦Ê¦~·É®á, ¦b©M¥ªº·³¤ë¤¤Àu¶®·s¥Í¡C
¡@
A Century of Taisho Romance: The Legendary
Evolution of the Beitou Museum
¡@
Its
legendary historical transformation:
The Most Exclusive Hot Spring Hotel in Beitou and a Geological Treasure during
the Japanese Rule Era (1921¡V): Founding and Naming: Construction began in 1921
(the 10th year of the Taisho era). It was operated by the Yoshida family, who
crossed the sea from Kyushu, Japan, to Taiwan. Situated on a serene hillside in
"Oku-Beitou" (Inner Beitou), it offered a breathtaking panoramic view of the
Guandu Plain. Carrying the meaning of "blessing," it was named the "Jiashan Hot
Spring Hotel." Jiashan was the most upscale and expensive luxury hot spring
accommodation in Beitou at the time. According to historical records, a
one-night stay with two meals cost as much as six yen, an amount that could buy
over one ping (approx. 3.3 square meters) of land around the New Beitou Railway
Station back then. The hotel¡¦s hot springs drew from Beitou¡¦s unique green
sulfur spring, which is the very source that nurtures "Hokutolite"¡Xa
world-class, rare radioactive mineral. First discovered in the Beitou Creek in
1905 by Japanese scholar Yohachiro Okamoto, it is the only mineral in the world
named after a place in Taiwan. Its extremely slow crystallization rate (taking
about 130 years to accumulate just 1 millimeter) mirrored the top-tier luxury of
the Jiashan Hotel.
Architecture: The main building adopted the "shoin-zukuri" architectural style
(originating from 16th and 17th-century samurai residences), which was highly
popular in Japan at the time. As the business expanded, an independent annex
named "Taoran Ju" was added in 1935. In 1938, the hotel expanded again, creating
the "Da-Guang-Jian" (Grand Banquet Hall)¡Xa massive space with sixty tatami mats
that could accommodate gatherings of over a hundred people. A Place of Ultimate
Farewell for the Kamikaze Special Attack Unit in the Late Stage of WWII (1940s):
During the latter phase of the Pacific War, Allied offensives grew fierce,
leaving the Japanese military severely short on resources. Due to its privacy
and high-end status, the Jiashan Hotel was requisitioned by the Imperial
Japanese Navy and converted into a "Japanese Military Officers' Club" (also
known as the Jiashan Guest House). At that time, the Japanese military
conscripted and formed the "Kamikaze Special Attack Unit" in Taiwan to carry out
suicidal attacks. According to oral accounts from local elders documented in the
article "Interviews on Beitou Hot Springs" within the Taipei Historical
Documents, a week before the pilots were scheduled to sortied from the Hsinchu
Airfield, the military would send large groups of young special attack unit
members to the Jiashan Hotel in Beitou for a vacation, allowing them to soak in
the hot springs and revel in festivities as a form of consolation. These teenage
soldiers, aged only 15 to 17, were permitted to spend their final night of
farewell banquets here with their loved ones, comrades, or geishas right before
their point-of-no-return ultimate mission.
Evidence of this historical legacy was found in 2002 during the major
restoration of the museum. Behind the disassembled closet sliding doors, workers
discovered old ledgers used as padding materials due to wartime shortages in the
late stages of World War II. These accounts clearly recorded the consumption of
the time, such as "two yen for food, 8.75 yen for geishas...". These entries
were left behind by the Kamikaze pilots just before their ultimate farewell to
life.
In the early post-WWII period, after the National Government of the Republic of
China relocated to Taiwan, the ownership was transferred from the original
operator to the state and handed over to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Republic of China. It was subsequently used as the "Jiashan Dormitory" to house
military personnel and civilians, and later as the "Jiashan Guest House" for
official vacations. In the mid-1960s, due to high maintenance costs, the
government auctioned and sold the property to the private sector. This coincided
with the golden age of Taiwanese-language cinema (with Beitou being hailed as
the "Hollywood of Taiwan"). Due to its exceptionally well-preserved classical
Japanese architectural style, Jiashan became a highly sought-after filming
location. As the movie Gu-Yue-Zhuang (The Ancient Moon Manor) of the same name
was filmed here, the public has often affectionately called this place "Gu-Yue-Zhuang"
ever since. This continued until its contemporary revitalization, transforming
it into the Beitou Museum to carry on cultural and historical heritage (from
1983 to the present). In 1983, Mr. Chang Chun-ming, Chairman of San Fu Chemical,
purchased the building and founded the "Taiwan Folk Art Antique House" to
preserve early Taiwanese folk relics, which was officially renamed the "Beitou
Museum" in 1987. In 1998, the Beitou Museum was formally designated as a
municipal historic site by the Taipei City Government. Today, it is not only a
treasure trove showcasing Taiwanese indigenous and early folk artifacts, but it
also safeguards local history and the precious memories of "Hokutolite"
alongside the neighboring Beitou Hot Spring Museum, which displays a legendary
800-kilogram Hokutolite rock. Furthermore, it has transformed into a
multi-functional cultural space blending Japanese Kaiseki cuisine, tea ceremony
experiences, and cultural and creative performances, allowing the century-long
vicissitudes of the former Jiashan Hotel to undergo an elegant rebirth in an era
of peace.
¡@
¤j¥¿ロマンから¦Ê¦~¡G¥_§ë¤åª«À]のÉ´説ªº変¾E
¥x¥_¥«¥_§ë区に¦ì¸mする¡u¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]¡v(²{¦bの¥_§ë¤åª«À]) は¡B¦Ê¦~の歴¥vを«ùつ¥««ü©w¥jÂÝであり¡B¥x湾に²{¦sする³Ì¤j³W¼Òの¯Â¤ì³y¤G¶¥«Øて¤é¥»«Ø¿vです¡C
そのÉ´説ªºな歴¥vの変¾Eは¥H¤Uの³qりです¡G
¤é¥»²Îªv®É¥N¡G¥_§ë³Ì°ª¯Åの温¬u®ÈÀ]と¦a½èの¦Ü宝(1921¦~¡ã) ¡G³Ð¥ßと©R¦W¡G1921¦~(¤j¥¿10¦~)
に«Ø³]が©lまり¡B¤é¥»の¤E¦{から®üを´çって¥x湾へやってきた¦N¥Ð¤@±Úによって経営されました¡C¡u奥¥_§ë¡vの静かな¤s¸¡に¦ì¸mし¡B関´ç¥ìを¨£¤Uろす絶¦nの²·±æを¸Øり¡Bまた¡u¯¬ºÖ¡vの·N¨ýを込めて¡u¨Î¤s温¬u®ÈÀ]¡vと©R¦Wされました¡C¨Î¤sは当®É¡B¥_§ëで³Ì°ª¯Åかつ³Ìも±Jªy¶Oの°ªいトップクラスの温¬u®ÈÀ]でした¡C¤å献の°O録によると¡B当®Éの¡u¤@ªy¤G¹¡vの®Æª÷は6円に¹Fし¡Bその価値は·s¥_§ë駅©P辺の¤g¦a1©W(¬ù3.3¥¦Ì)
¥H¤WをÁʤJできるほどであり¡Bまさに当®Éの»¨°øな娯楽のランドマークでした¡CÀ]内の温¬uは¥_§ë独¯Sの«C²¸黄¬uを¤Þいており¡Bこれこそが¥@¬Éªºな§Æ¤Ö©ñ®g©Ê鉱ª«¡u¥_§ë¥Û(ホクトライト)
¡vを¨|む¬u·½です¡C1905¦~に¤é¥»の学ªÌ・©£¥»n¤K¦¤óによって¥_§ë渓でªìめて発¨£されたこの鉱ª«は¡B¥@¬Éで°ß¤@¥x湾の¦a¦Wが¥Iけられた§Æ¤Öなµ²´¹であり¡B¬ù130¦~かけてわずか1ミリメートルしか»W¿nしないという·¥めて½wやかなµ²´¹³t«×は¡B¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]の¦Ü°ªのÂØ沢さと¨£¨ÆにÅTき¦Xっていました¡C
«Ø¿v¡G¥Dたる«Ø¿vには¡B当®É¤é¥»で³Ìも¬y¦æしていた¡u®Ñ°|³y¡vの様¦¡(16・17¥@¬öのªZ®a¦í¦vに¥Ñ来)
が±Ä¥Îされました¡C·~°Èの拡¤jに¦ñい¡B1935¦~には独¥ßした§OÀ]¡u³³µM©~¡vが増¿vされ¡B1938¦~にはさらに拡±iされて¡B60畳の畳を¼Åき¸×め100¤H¥H¤Wを収®eできる¤j®b会³õ¡u¤j広¶¡¡vが³yられました¡C²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j戦¥½´Á¡G¯«·¯S§ð¶¤の¥Íの¨M§O©Ò(1940¦~¥N)
¡G¤Ó¥¬v戦争の«á¥b¡B³s¦X国xの§ð¶Õが¿E¤Æし¡B¤é¥»xの戦¤Oは¹G¢していきました¡C¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]はその隠±K©Êと°ª¯Å·Pから¤j¤é¥»«Ò国®üxに±µ収され¡B¡u¤é¥»x¤h©xクラブ¡v(または¨Î¤s©Û«Ý©Ò)
へと«ºを変えました¡C当®É¡B¤é¥»xは¥x湾で¦Û±þÊ^当たり§ð撃を¦æう¡u¯«·¯S§ð¶¤¡vを¥l¶°・½s¦¨していました¡C¡y¥x¥_¤å献¡zに収録された¡u¥_§ë温¬uÓ§O³X°Ý録¡vの¦a¤¸¥Áの¤fzによると¡B¶¤ûたちが·s¦Ë¸¦æ³õから¥X撃する1¶g¶¡«e¡Bxは¤j¶ÕのYい¯S§ð¶¤ûたちを¥_§ëの¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]へと°eり込み¡B温¬uに®ûからせ¡B歓楽に¿³じさせて¼¢労したといいます¡Cわずか15歳から17歳の¤Ö¦~§Lたちは¡B¥ÍÁÙを´Áさない³Ì«áの¥ô°Èを«eに¡Bこの¦aで·Rする¤Hや戦¤Í¡Bあるいはªå§²たちと³Ì«áの©]の壮¦æ会を¦@に¹Lごすことを³\されたのでした¡C
この歴¥vªºな¿ò¯dµý拠は¡B2002¦~に¤åª«À]が¥jÂÝの¤j³W¼Ò×´_を¦æった»Ú¡B¸ÑÊ^された©ãし¤Jれの¤Þき戸のùذ¼から発¨£されました¡Cそこには¡B²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j戦¥½´Áのª«¸ê¤£¨¬により¸×めª«(¥R¶ñ§÷)
として¥N¥Îされた当®Éの±bïが残されており¡B¡u®Æ²z¤G円¡Bªå§²¤K¡D¤C¤円¡K¡K¡vといった当®Éの®ø¶O°O録がÂA©úに¨èまれていました¡Cこれらの¤@³sの°É©w®Ñきこそ¡B¯«·¯S§ð¶¤ûたちが¥Í¦ºの¨M§Oを«eに残した¨¬¸ñだったのです¡C
²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j戦²×µ²«áのªì´Á¡B¤¤µØ¥Á国国¥Á¬F©²が¥x湾へ²¾転した«á¡Bその©Ò¦³権は¤¸の経営ªÌから国¦³へと²¾り¡B¤¤µØ¥Á国¥~¥æ³¡へと¤Þき´çされました¡Cその«á¡Bx¥Áを収®eする¡u¨Î¤s±J舎¡vとして¡B¦¸いで°ª©xが¥ð·vを¹Lごす¡u¨Î¤s©Û«Ý©Ò¡vとして¶¶¦¸¨Ï¥Îされました¡C1960¦~¥N¥bば¡B¬F©²はºû«ùºÞ²z¶Oの°ªÄËを²z¥ÑにこれをÄv売にかけ¡B¥Á¶¡に売却しました¡C当®Éはちょうど¥x湾»y¬M画(国産¬M画)
発®iの黄ª÷´Áであり(¥_§ëは¡u¥x湾のハリウッド¡vと称されていました)
¡B¨Î¤sはその·¥めて¨}¦nに«O¦sされた¥j¨åªºな©M·の¦îまいから¡B¤H気の¬M画¼¼¼vの¸t¦aとなりました¡C¦P¦Wの¬M画¡y¥j¤ë荘¡zがここでロケを¦æって¥H来¡B¥Á¶¡でもここを¿Ëしみを込めて¡u¥j¤ë荘¡vと©Iぶようになりました¡Cそして²{¥Nにおける¬¡©Ê¤Æ¡B¥_§ë¤åª«À]への転«¬と歴¥v¤å¤Æの継©Ó(1983¦~から²{¦bまで)
へと¦Üります¡C1983¦~¡B¤TºÖ¤Æ学の¸³¨Æªøであった±i¯Â©ú¤óがこの«Øª«を¶Rい¨úり¡B¥x湾ªì´Áの¥Á«U¤åª«を«O¦sするために¡u¥x湾¥Áªå¤åª«¤§®a¡vを³Ð³]¡B1987¦~に¥¿¦¡に¡u¥_§ë¤åª«À]¡vへと§ï称されました¡C1998¦~¡B¥_§ë¤åª«À]は¥x¥_¥«¬F©²によって¥¿¦¡に¥««ü©w¥jÂÝに«ü©wされました¡C²{¦b¡Bここは¥x湾ì¦í¥Áやªì´Áの¥Á«U¤åª«を®i¥Üする宝®wであるだけでなく¡BÉ´説ªºな800キログラムの¥À©¥を®i¥Üするªñ隣の¡u¥_§ë温¬u³Õª«À]¡vと¦@に¡B¦a°ìの歴¥vと¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡vの¶Q«な°O¾Ðを»yり継いでいます¡Cさらに¡B¤é¥»の懐¥Û®Æ²z¡B¯ù¹DÊ^験¡B¤åªå・クリエイティブ¤½ºtを¿Ä¦Xさせた¦h¾÷¯àな¤å¤ÆªÅ¶¡へと¥Íまれ変わり¡Bかつての¨Î¤s®ÈÀ]が経てきた¦Ê¦~の¬ú§E¦±§éを¡B¥©Mな歳¤ëの¤¤でÀu¬üに¦A¥Íさせています¡C
¡@
¥_§ë¤åª«À]¤º®i¥ÜªºÀ]ÂõJÂI¡G¾G¦¨¥\¾¥Ä_
¡@

¾¥Ä_ªº¯u°°¤§Á¼
¥_§ë¤åª«À]¤º®i¥Üªº¡u¾G¦¨¥\¯ó®Ñ¥ß¶b¡v, ¬O³Ð¿ì¤H±i¯Â©ú¥ý¥Í¥Ñ®ü¥~Áʦ^ªº¬Ã¶QÂíÀ]¤§Ä_, ¬Û¶Ç¬°¾G¦¨¥\32·³®É¬yÅS¤å¤H¬X±¡ªº¦Û¼J¸Ö§@¡CµM¦Ó,
¨ä¯u°°¦b¤å¥v¬É¤´¨ãª§Ä³¡C¥Ñ©ó°ê©m·Ý¾G´Ë¨É¦~¶È39·³¥B¤@¥Í©º¾Ô, ¶Ç¥@¯u¸ñ·¥¨ä¨u¨£, ¥[¤W¾ú¥N¥Á¶¡¹ï¨ä±R«ô¶Ê¥Í¤F¤j¶q¡u°U¦W¡v°°§@,
¥B¸Ó¸Ö·®æ»P¨äx¨Æ²Î«Óªº§Î¶H¤j¬Û®|®x, ¥O¾Ç¬É«ù¼f·VºA«×¡C¤£¹L, µL½×¨ä¬O§_¬°¿Ëµ§¤â¸ñ, ³o´T§@«~³£²`¨è¨£ÃÒ¤F¥xÆW¥Á¶¡Âîa¹ï¥»¤g¾ú¥v¤åª«ªº«µø,
¬O¬ã¨s¡u¾G¦¨¥\¤å¤Æ±R«ô¡v·¥¨ã»ùȪº¾ú¥v¸üÅé¡C
A Highlight of the Collection at the Beitou Museum: Koxinga's
Calligraphy Masterpiece
The
Mystery of the Calligraphy's Authenticity
The "Koxinga Cursive Script Hanging Scroll" exhibited in the Beitou Museum is a
precious treasure of the house purchased from overseas by the founder, Mr. Chang
Chun-ming. It is said to be a self-deprecating poem composed by Koxinga (Zheng
Sen) at the age of 32, revealing a softer, literary side of his personality.
However, its authenticity remains a subject of debate within historical and
cultural circles. Since Koxinga passed away at the young age of 39 and spent his
entire life in military campaigns, authentic pieces of his calligraphy handed
down through history are extremely rare. Furthermore, the widespread reverence
for him across generations has spawned numerous pseudonymous and forged works.
The tone of this poem also contrasts sharply with his image as a military
commander, leading scholars to adopt a cautious stance. Nonetheless, whether or
not it is an authentic autograph, this piece serves as a profound testament to
the high regard Taiwanese private collectors hold for local historical
artifacts, making it an invaluable historical vehicle for researching the
"cultural cult of Koxinga."
¥_§ë¤åª«À]の¦Ü宝¡G¾G¦¨¥\の¾¥宝
¾¥宝の¯u°°をめぐるÁ¼
¥_§ë¤åª«À]に®i¥Üされている¡u¾G¦¨¥\¯ó®Ñ¥ß¶b¡vは¡B³Ð³]ªÌの±i¯Â©ú¤óが®ü¥~から¶Rい戻した¶Q«なÀ]蔵の¦Ü宝であり¡B¾G¦¨¥\(¾G´Ë)
が32歳の®Éに¤å¤Hとしての¬X©Mな¤@±をÛÒかせた¡B¦Û¼Jの¸ÖであるとÉ´えられています¡Cしかし¡Bその¯u°°については¤å¥v¬Éでも¤µなおij½×が続いています¡C国©m·Ýとしてª¾られる¾G¦¨¥\はわずか39歳で±Y±sし¡Bその¥Í²Pの¤j¥bを戦³õで¹Lごしたため¡B«á¥@にÉ´わる¥»ª«の¯uµ§は·¥めてµ}です¡Cさらに¡B歴¥Nの¥Á¶¡«H¥õによる±R拝が¦hくの¡u°U¦W(¦W«eをÉりた)
¡v°°§@を¥Íみ¥Xすì¦]となったほか¡Bこの¸Öの·®æが©¼のx¨Æ²Î«ÓとしてのイメージとかけÂ÷れていることから¡B学¬Éは·V«な«º¶Õを±Yしていません¡Cとはいえ¡Bこれがª½µ§の¤â¸ñであるか§_かにかかわらず¡Bこの§@«~は¥x湾の¥Á¶¡コレクターがいかに郷¤gの歴¥v¤åª«を«µøしてきたかを²`くª«»yっており¡B¡u¾G¦¨¥\¤å¤Æへの±R拝¡vを¬ã¨sする¤Wで·¥めて価値の°ªい歴¥vªº«È観ª«となっています¡C
¡@
¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º»P¥_§ë¥Û
¡@

¡u¥xÆW¼e§À»ñ½º¡v, ¨e¬O¸¶V¤d¸U¦~¦Bªe·³¤ëªº¡u¤Û¤§½º¡v¡C¾ÌÂǵ۫á¯Í¼e¤j¬Û³sªº©úÆv³½§Àª¬¬õ´³, °ª¶Æ¦aÀ¹¤W®õ¶®±Ú¤sªL¡u©ªø/ÀY¥Ø(Maraho) ¡vªººaÅA,
¡u¥_§ë¥Û¡v, ¨e¬OÁô°Î©ó¤j¤Ù¤õ¤s¸s¦a¼ö·ÏÃú¤¤ªº·Å¬uºÀÄ_¡C¾ú¸g¤õ¤s»P±j»Ä·Ë¤ô¤d¦Ê¦~ªº²fÁå, ¦]¤@¥]¥¼¨R¬~©³¤ùªº·N¥~Ãn¥ú,
¸Ñ¶}¤FÅ餺ħt·L¶q©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡uÅJ¡vªº¯«¯¦¨¥@¡C
¥þ ¨÷ ²×
Agehana maraho and Hokutolite
The "Agehana
maraho (Taiwan Broad-tailed Swallowtail)," the "phantom butterfly" that has
soared throughthousands of years of the Ice Age. With the vivid,
fish-tail-shaped red spots on its broad, interconnectedhindwings, it proudly
dons the honor of the Atayal mountain "chieftain/chief (Maraho)." Hokutolite, a
hot springtreasure hidden amidst the curling geothermal mists of the Tatun
Volcano Group. After enduring centuries of continuous tempering by volcanoes and
highly acidic creek waters, its mysterious identity¡Xharboring the
traceradioactive element "Radium"¡Xwas unlocked by the accidental exposure of a
packet of undeveloped film.
End of
File
タイワンフチグロアゲハと¥_§ë¥Û
¡uタイワンフタオツバメ(¥x湾寛§À»ñ½º)
¡vであり¡B¦ó¤dÉE¦~もの氷ªe´Áを¸び¶Vえてきた¡u¤Ûの½º¡vである¡C«á¯Íに広がるÂAやかな³½の§Àのような§Îの¨ª´³を携え¡Bタイヤル±Úの¤sªLの¡u©ªø¡þÀY¥Ø(マラホ)
¡vの栄誉を¸ØらしげにÀ¹く¡C¥_§ë¥Û(ホクトライト)
である¡C¤õ¤sと±j»Ä©Êの渓¬yによる数¤d¦~の¸Õ½mを経て°öわれ¡B¥¼²{¹³フィルムが°¸µM·P¥úしたことによって¡BそのÊ^に·¥·L¶qの©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯À¡uラジウム¡vを¯µめた¯«¯µªºな¯À顔が¸Ñき©úかされた¡C
¡@
¥þ巻が²×わる
¥¿¤å³¡¤À
¡@
§¹¾ã¤å¥»(
®à¤W¹q¸£ ) /
±Ò°Ê·sµøµ¡¾\Äý
(®à¤W¹q¸£ /¤â¾÷)
¡@
¥»ºô¶¤¤©Ò¦³¹Ï¤ù¤Î¤å¥»¨ü©µ³®¬ì¾Çºî¦X«Çª©Åv«O»Ù
All images and text on this page are copyright protected © Acta
Scientrium Ngensis
¡@ |